我國盜版問題之研究-以法制面為中心

Abstract

知識經濟時代，無形資產已成為競爭優勢之關鍵來源，而智慧財產權相關法規正扮演保護無形資產之重要角色。包括音樂、電影、軟體與圖書等無形之文化產業，其內容之創新與民眾日常生活有著密切的關連，且對於我國之貿易發展與國際形象的建立亦有深遠影響；然而因其無形與容易被盜版的特性，故亟需健全之法制予以保護，尤其在數位時代之下，更為當務之急的必要工作。 本研究之目的，即在於分析我國處理盜版課題上，於法制面所遭遇到之問題。以實務為導向，將盜版行為依其技術區分為實體盜版與網路盜版，經由文獻資料之蒐集與整理，以及訪談查緝盜版之專業人士，歸納出我國於法制面之盜版問題，包括查緝工作、司法救濟、與立法方向等三方面之問題，並針對問題提出本研究之建議。 在查緝盜版方面，本研究歸納出以下影響查緝之問題：(1)新型態產銷模式的出現；(2)校園盜版查緝不易；(3)查緝誘因的偏誤；(4)權利人團體間缺乏積極合作；(5)使用者需求強大；(6)知識型犯罪；(7)組織犯罪的加入；(8)反反盜版的聲浪；並針對各問題提出以下之建議：(1)定期加強查緝人員之專業訓練；(2)加強校園內法律觀念之教育，促進學生與權利人間之互動瞭解；(3)調整檢警查緝之誘因；(4)增進權利人團體間之瞭解與合作；(5)加強民眾對著作權之認識，宣導使用盜版亦為犯罪行為之觀念；(6)提高盜版行為之成本，降低從事盜版的誘因；(7)掌握組織犯罪之動態；(8)重視社會上不同的聲音，調整經營模式。在司法救濟實務上，本研究則發現有以下之問題：(1)刑事判決量刑普遍偏低；(2)民事賠償金額過低。在刑事方面，本研究建議儘速確定刑法之連續犯制度之存廢，以及設立智慧財產權專業法庭；而在民事方面，本研究建議可對於具商業規模之盜版光碟業者於著作權法中增訂「懲罰性賠償」的規定。至於在立法方向方面，則建議在參考國外立法情形後，可朝以下之方向立法：(1)科技保護措施；(2)ISP業者之責任規範。

Intangible assets has become the key resource of competitive advantages, and the related legislations of the intellectual property play the important role to protect them. The creative of culture industry, including music, movie, software and book, not only influences our life but also the international trading and image. However, those industries need integrity legal infrastructures to protect them because of the characteristics of intangible, especially in the digital time.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal infrastructures of copyright piracy in Taiwan. Based on the practical experiences, the piracy was divided into two kinds, substantial piracy and internet piracy, by the techniques. This study induced the problems of piracy in tracing, judging, and legislating in Taiwan from the references and the interviews, and provided the suggestions of these problems.

The problems of tracing piracy are the new model of production and marketing of piracy, the difficulty of tracing piracy in campus, the mistakes of incentive of tracing piracy, the lack of the cooperation between obligee groups, the demands of consumers, the intellectual criminal, the ring, and the piracy advocates. Form these problems, there are some suggestions, the enhancing of the tracers’ professional training, the increasing of the education in legal concept and the understanding between students and obligees, the correcting of incentive of tracing piracy, the improving of the cooperation between obligee groups, increasing the people’s understanding of copyright and propagating the concept of the criminal behavior of piracy, increasing the cost of piracy, controlling the action of the organized criminal, and respecting the different opinions and revising the business model. Besides, in the practical experience, the problem is that the number of penal judgments on piracy and civil indemnification are too low. In the penal cases, the suggestion is that the decision of the establishment of the continuing criminal system in the criminal law. However, in the civil cases, the suggestion is revising and augmenting the “punitive indemnification” copyright law for the manufacturers. As for the legislation, referring to the abroad legislation, we can legislate from the protection in technology and responsibility of traders.