改良式功能分解物件導向分析方法

Abstract

運用物件導向技術開發軟體已蔚為軟體發展的主流，但多數的物件導 向分析及設計方法忽略了系統功能模型、規格 (system functional model and specification) 建立的重要性。FDOOA方法[6] 利用系統功能 分解(system function decomposition) 技術，建立系統功能模型、類別 模型及功能與類別之間的關係。 經由網路管理軟體發展平台系統規格之 制定﹐發現FDOOA方法在制定大型系統之需求規格﹐仍有一些不足之處﹐ 包含(1) 缺乏一套系統化方法制定系統功能。(2) 缺乏一套方法驗證類別 方法與屬性的完整性。(3) 缺乏系統組合技巧(System compositiontechnique)。(4) 缺乏系統初始化程序。(5) 缺乏良好的人 機界面。 針對這些不足之處提出改良式功能分解物件導向分析方法之設 計構想﹐包含(1)運用領域知識切割複雜系統為子系統﹐使其服務需求易 於訂出﹐及利用主要劇本與次要劇本的輔助來撰寫系統功能流程﹐並運用 功能與資料進行平行分解﹐制定系統功能的處理步驟。(2)建立各類別之 動態模型﹐以狀態轉換圖來驗證類別之屬性與方法是否有不足之處。(3) 將子系統視為類別﹐再依據系統目的擬定服務需求﹐依據服務需求之劇本 訂定系統功能﹐並將系統組合為類別。(4)在FDOOL 語言加入系統初始化 相關敘述。(5)提出使用者界面制定工具﹐快速製作人機界面﹐與系統規 格結合。依據上述準則﹐本論文提出 FDOOA 改良方法﹐並修改其模型、 規格語言及發展環境。 此系統已在IBM PC╱Window 上以Borland C語言 及個體導向資料庫製作完成。 The OO technology is the current trend of software development, and manyOOAD methods are proposed. Most of them ignore the importance of functionalmodel and specification. The FDOOA method use system function decompositiontechnique to build system function model, class model and the relationbetween function and class. Applying FDOOA method to a large scale of application such as networkmanagement system, and we found that FDOOA should support the followingmethods but doesn't,(1) a systematic method to define system function,(2)amethod to verify the completeness of class methods and attributes, (3)system composition technique, (4)system initialization procedure, (5) theconstruction of friendly user interface. With the above insufficiencies in mind, we proffer Enhanced FDOOA that hasthe following improvement (1) Divide the complex system into subsystems byfield knowledge so that the service requirement is more easily defined, usenormal scenario and second scenario to write the procedure of systemfunction, and decompose the function and data in parallel to define theprocedure of system function. (2) for each class, build the dynamic model(i.e. STD) to verify the incompleteness of attribute and method in classes.(3) view a subsystem as a class, and define the service requirement by thenarration of the system purpose. Define system function by the scenario ofservice requirement. Finally, compose system to class. (4) add the statementfor system initialization to FDOOL. (5) Proffer a tool to define userinterface to build user interface quickly, and combine with systemspecification. Incorporate the above considerations and solutions , thethesis propose the enhanced FDOOA method, and define the model, speclanguage and development environment. This EFDOOA development environment was designed and implemented on theIBM PC Windows Environment using the Borland C language and the APOC ObjectOriented Database Management System.