利用繞射透鏡元件校正折射透鏡的球差之探討

Abstract

繞射透鏡元件具有材質輕、容易複製及符合經濟效益 的特點，它也具有一般折射透鏡的成像原理。利用繞射透鏡代替傳統的透 鏡來改善球差，可以減少傳統光學透鏡厚重的缺點，亦可以使成像品質改 善。 繞射透鏡的像差形式是利用一般的折射透鏡的像差在薄透鏡且折 射率為無限大的近似下，運用幾何光學的計算中所得到，如此繞射透鏡的 像差不需要複雜的積分公式即可得到。 本論文分成四個部分介紹此繞 射元件的像差。首先介紹繞射元件的形式，進而介紹繞射元件的像差，第 二部分為利用光學設計軟體模擬此一有繞射元件的光學成像系統，第三部 分介紹如何利用IC製程技術製造繞射元件，第四部分為測量有繞射元件的 光學系統之成像結果。 The diffractive lens is characteristic of thinness and lightness, and cost effective. The diffractive lens has the same imaging principle as refractive lens. In the traditional optical design, since a single lens has too much aberration, we need two or more refractive lensesto correct the aberration, but now we can easily use a single diffractivelens to improve the performance of a single lens. The aberration of a diffractive lens can be evaluated with the aberration formula of a refrctivelens in which the refrctive index is taken to be infinite. In this thesis, at first we will describe the aberrationfomula of the diffractive lens and simulate the imaging of the optical system.Then we describe how to make a diffractive lens by using the IC technology.At last we measure and evaluate the imaging quality of the optical system.