透視和運動線索對碰撞判斷的影響

Abstract

正確的碰撞可能性判斷是避免空中碰撞的一個重要因素，然而飛行員所使 用的傳統平面顯示器，因不符合人類自然知覺環境的方式，以致於駕駛員 常常因心理負荷過重而導致意外事故的發生。雖然應用人類知覺深度的線 索設計三度空間顯示器，會讓人更容易接受它所表達的三度空間資訊，然 而由於顯示器本身的限制，使得顯示器只能呈現少數的線索。因此，在考 慮線索的相對重要性，目前各種顯示器在相關作業的要求、比較，和實際 應用的經濟性考量下，本研究探討使用透視線索為主的透視顯示器在碰撞 判斷的表現是否較佳，連續式及間斷式運動呈現的差異，以及同時呈現運 動和透視線索之方式，對碰撞判斷作業是否有助益。本研究主要分成兩部 份，首先分析運動及透視線索對碰撞判斷的影響；其次將透視與運動線索 的各個組合與傳統平面顯示器比較。研究結果顯示，透視線索的有無會造 成碰撞判斷的顯著差異。在與傳統平面顯示器的比較中，間斷型及連續型 運動透視顯示器的碰撞判斷錯誤率，顯著低於傳統平面顯示器。綜合上述 ，設計三度空間顯示器時若需考慮碰撞判斷的表現，透視線索是個相當重 要的因子。 Accurate potential collision judgment is one important factor of air collision avoidance. While the traditional plan-view display does not correspond to the natural representation of 3D environment, that pilots mental load is so heavy that leading accidence. Although including depth cues in designing 3D display could make people receive 3D information more easily, the constrains on 3D display is only few depth cues can be included. After the literature review on collision judgment, the weight of different depth cues, comparing study of 3D display and economic consideration of practical utility three respects. This thesis discusses whether perspective cue is helpful ; the difference of continuous and discrete object motion type, and the combination effects of motion and perspective cues on collision judgment.The research is classified as two part. First, effects of perspective and motioncues on collision judgment are analyzed; in the second part, the combination of perspective and motion cues are compared with traditional plan-view display. Theresults shows that presence of perspective cue makes error rate of collision judgment differ significantly. Also, the perspective display shows less error rate than the traditional plan-view display. In summary, perspective cue is an important factor in designing 3D display when air-collision judgment is necessary.