從價值鏈角度探討我國LED產業之發展策略

Abstract

LED產業技術突破迅速，價格持續下降，應用也不斷創新，因此商機無限，是一個非常重要的產業。台灣經過三十多年的發展，產業結構完整，形成群聚效果。目前晶片產量世界第一，前景非常看好。然而，臺灣LED產業發展卻面臨著多項瓶頸問題，例如發光效率不高、缺乏核心專利、缺乏標準規範、應用市場掌握不足、產品附加值低等困境。本研究從微笑曲線的觀點對我國LED產業的上、中、下游及應用等策略分析。針對LED未來應用市場，提供產業之產品及技術發展的方向。並提出適當的競爭策略，以期建立競爭優勢。研究結果顯示當前四大應用領域行動、照明、背光及車用等市場是相當重要的決勝關鍵。台灣已經有良好的基礎。但是台灣目前的位置處於微笑曲線附加價值最低的位置，當在全球美、日、歐等先進LED大廠持續投入研發競賽，不斷進行聯盟、併購及專利授權之際。臺灣產業逐漸面臨壓力及挑戰。因此上、中游LED開始一連串合併，整個價值鏈的水平及垂直整合逐漸增強，積極往微笑曲線兩端或是往價值鏈高的地方前進。台灣LED產業應該利用這四大應用領域的良好產業基礎，結合大陸降低生產成本並聯合國際大廠建立專利交互授權及策略聯盟關係才有機會突破現況。展望未來，LED是兩兆雙星外最具希望的第三兆(星)，進而結合太陽能產業，LED產業將因產品應用持續擴大與技術的不斷創新而大放異彩。

LED market is worldwide in scope and is clustered with manufacturers in several regions including North America, Europe, Japan, Taiwan and Korea. Analogous to the famous Moore’ Law in silicon which predicts a doubling of the number of transistors in a chip every 18-24 months, LED luminous output following the Haitz’s Law, has doubled every 18-24 months for the past 34 years. Now the market has achieved over US$ 4 billion. LED in Taiwan has been over 30 years and has well developed with the world largest manufacturing capacity. However the worldwide competition is increasing keen as the market gradually dominated by few international companies by advanced technology but also via applying strategies of alliance, merging/acquisition, and patent licensing. Taiwan LED industries have demonstrated their competence in mass production in the past. However due to lacking the complete product portfolio, core patents, standards, and application driving force, it would become more difficult for Taiwan companies to compete globally. The thesis is to explore the strategies of strengthening Taiwan LED industries from the value chain perspectives. The result suggests that four application sectors including Mobile, Illumination, Backlight and Automotives are proposed for Taiwan LED industries as the critical driving forces. Away from the bottom of smiling curve with low add-on value, Taiwan LED industries could conduct a series of vertical and horizontal integration to move toward to the more profitable regions of the value chain. Basing on the existing strength in the four application sectors, it is suggested Taiwan LED industries to leverage the low manufacturing cost in China as well as to develop a cross licensing alignment with those advanced international companies.