高科技廠商特性、研究發展活動與成效之研究－以科學園區廠商實證

Abstract

本研究乃針對科學園區內高科技廠商研究發展管理務現況，與企業研究發 展管理理論 進行探討。本研究首先透過文獻探討，建立一個廠商研究發 展管理架構，再以該架構為概 念基礎，實證研究科學園區內高科技廠商 之研發投入模式、研發投入對廠商績效影響、及 研發管理特徵因素。 本研究之實證是針對高科技廠商屬性與研發投入之關聯、設立年數不同廠 商研發投入模式，以及廠商研發投入與其績效間相關性進行探討，並將廠 商依績效分群，再分析比較各群廠商的績效表現，及其在研發管理上的差 異。 實證分析結果顯示，園區內國資廠商的研發投入顯著高於外資廠 商；廠商研發投入在設立初期會明顯的較高，而後遞減，最後會成一穩定 的研發投入水準。園區內不同產業別廠商間，研發投入上發現有顯著的差 異。廠商研發投入強度與後續營業成長率、生產力成長率，具有顯著正相 關。惟研發投入強度與生產力及當期營業成長率，則呈顯著負相關。 廠 商依主、客觀績效指標可區分為「穩定創新型」、「守成改進型」 、及 「自信成長型」三群，不同群組廠商在研發管理上，如決策過程、研發管 理者能力、研發環境與部門交流，均顯現出一些不同。 本研究所 建構出的高科技廠商研發管理模式，除可供實務管理上之參考，並可做為 研發管理實證研究之概念架構，至於研發管理的策略面考量，本研究的實 證分析，指出一些可供參考的結果，對於政府制訂科學園區廠商研發投入 與管理政策可有幫助，對於廠商投入研發決策與短期營運，所造成負面影 響之因應亦皆有所幫助。 關鍵字詞:高科技廠商，研究發展管理，研 發投入強度，廠商屬性 ，廠商績效，營業成長率，營業生產力，營業生 產力成長率。 This research is an empirical analysis of high-tech firms at the HsinchuScience-based Industrial Park ( HSIP ) in Taiwan. The dissertation focuseson exploring R&D management and its effects on high-tech firms in HSIP. The HSIP is regarded as one of the most successful high-tech parks in theworld. Total sales of the HSIP soared from US$ 75 million in 1983 to overUS$11 billion in 1995. The study began with analyzing the differences of R& D investment patternsalong a firm's three attributes: capital source, industry category, and age.Then, the relationships between firms' R&D investment and performance; and the critical factors of successful R&D management. The results of the research indicates: (1) Where R&D patterns wereconcerned, the R& D intensity of ROC high-tech firms were significantly higherthan that of their foreign counterparts at the HSIP. New founded ROC firmshad significantly higher R&D intensity. To foster a firm's R&D investmentgovernment incentive plans should consider a firm' s capital source, age andits industry category. (2) Regarding to R&D and performance linkages, a firm'sR&D intensity correlated significantly positively to its sales growth andproductivity growth, but negatively related to its current performance. TheR&D intensity is positively correlated to a firm's self- appraisal on marketperformance, but negatively related to its R& D projects' budget and schedulecontrolling performance. The ratio of R&D spending per employee is positivelyrelated to its self-appraisal on technological innovation ability. (3) Themost important success factors to R&D management were: top management support,R&D managers dominating R&D strategies, longer R&D planning horizon, and R&Dproject leaders' planning and controlling skills. Integrated as an industrial cluster HSIP functions not only like a bigcorporation with economies of scale but also with enormous flexibility. Itseems that the Taiwan experiences in establishing science-based industrialpark with well infrastructure could provide a good example for the developingcountries to their economic development.Key Word: High-Tech Firms, R&D Management, R&D Intensity, Firm's Attribute, Performance, Sales Growth, Productivity, Productivity Growth.