應用CPS概念於設計方法之探究─以視覺傳達設計為例

Abstract

完整的設計方法，可以幫助設計者從事設計思考的活動。然而，許多設計 方法由於過度偏重方法的理性層面，反而產生了「方法壓抑思考」的弊端 。此外，科技的發展、產業結構的改變與企業體的競爭成長，使得設計創 意的需求日益迫切，創造性設計方法的開發於是成為當代設計研究者所面 對的重要課題。另觀創造心理學的研究領域中，創意解題(Creative Problem-Solving ，簡稱 CPS) 是一種利用系統的思考方法來解決問題 的思考策略，其為一富彈性的創造性問題解決之活動架構，並能增進學習 者創造力的發展與成長，其應用範圍極廣。本研究則是嘗試自已有的 CPS 相關理論中，提供實用性價值地應用於創造性設計方法的開發。我們透過 文獻探討的方法，論證 CPS 與設計創造活動間的密切關係，並應用 CPS 概念於設計方法上，而提出一 CPS 設計方法的具體模式，其中包含了尋 求目標問題、尋求概念解答、尋求視覺解答、評估及輔助工具之使用等活 動要素。設計者可經由問題激盪、概念激盪、視覺激盪、創造性評估及彈 性利用輔助工具等過程，交互運作發散、轉化及收斂的思考，來從事全程 創造性問題解決活動。另外，CPS 設計方法亦強調方法運作的創造性原則 ，以增進設計者在設計過程中的創造性反應。而 CPS 設計方法其具彈性 運作的特質，不但提供設計者一具明確的、良好結構的活動架構，並更具 人性、自主性，而更能促進設計者獲得創造性問題解決的成果。此外，我 們也實際進行設計創作，就此設計方法的應用作一展開。最後，本研究成 果可以提供設計創作及設計教學的參考。 Sound design methods can help designers with their thinking activities; however, most design methods which overemphasize reasoning power ofmethodology could lead to a defect of "method over mind." Furthermore,the development of science and techonology, the change of industrial structure and the competition of enterprises make the demand for design creativity more and more urgent. The development of a sound creative design method,therefore, has become an important issue of comtemporary design research.In the domain ofcreative psychology, CPS (Creative Problem-Solving) is a strategy which makesuse of systemetic thinking to solve problems. With a flexible structure ofctivity for creative problem-solving , CPS can be applied to a variety offields. This research attempted to integrate the related CPS theories todevelop a useful creative design method for visual communication design.In this study, the relationship between CPS and design activities was first investigated through literature review . Moreover, a concrete model of CPS design method was proposed. In this model, problem- finding, conceptualproblem-solving, graphic problem-solving, evaluation, and the use of assistancetools and the like actions are integrated into a complete procedure for creative problem solving. Designers can alternately make use of divergent, transformation, and convergent thinking to undertake the wholistic problemsolving activities through the stages of problem brainstorming, conceptualbrainstorming, graphic brainstorming, creative evaluation, and flexibly usingassistance tools. On the other hand, this CPS design method puts emphasis uponthe creative operation in order to enhance the creative responses during thedesign process. More importantly, this CPS design method with flexiblyoperating featiness not only provides designers with a concrete andwell-structured framework of the design activities, but also possesses the user friendliness, and self-determination ability, which will promote thecreative problem solving to a certain extent. Furthermore, for demonstratethe usefulness of this method, this CPS design method model has been appliedto a pratical case study. This research came to the conclusion that such adesign method can be applied to both design practice and design curriculum.