台鐵經營管理制度之研究

Abstract

台鐵為台灣區內陸運輸之骨幹，對於於沿線都市、區域經濟發展及提 高國民生活水準有很大之貢獻。近年來台鐵面臨公路與航空運輸強烈競爭 ，一方面密集公路高速公路網及快速成長小汽車持有及使用，另一方面開 放天空政策導致密集國內航班，吸引長途旅客，這些競爭導致台鐵內陸運 輸市場佔有率每下愈況，營運日益萎縮，此外，由於73年勞基法公佈實施 後，使得台鐵人事費用大幅膨脹，財務逐漸惡化。各種主、客觀因素造成 台鐵虧損日益嚴重，因此，如何突破經營困境，改善營運管理制度乃成為 台鐵當前亟需解決之重要課題。本研究首先針對台鐵經營現況及經營困境 分析台鐵經營惡化之原因，另分析外國鐵路機關經營管理改善之成效並評 估其適用性，再以展望分析及策略規劃TOWS分析法發展台鐵經營管理制度 及改善策略，針對這些策略方案，本研究應用多評準決策方法（Multiple Criteria Decision Making Approach）並結合模糊理論（Fuzzy Theory ），進行各經營改善策略之評估。本研究分析結果，指出台鐵經營惡化的 原因有外在環境之不利發展及內部環境因應能力不足。台鐵經營管理制度 要由現在的公有公營制，先改為車路分離制，再達到全面民營化。而改善 策略包括如客運簡化車種等13種策略、貨運行駛單元列車等7種策略及聯 合開發策略，台鐵若認真執行這些策略，將可改善台鐵財務結構，改善其 經營體質，提升其服務品質達到提高內陸運輸市場佔有率之目標。 Taiwan Railway Administration (TRA) plays an important role in the intercity transportation services in Taiwan Area. TRA provides the round-island railway service which results in great contribution to the economical development both in metropolitan and Regional areas. But recently, TRA encounters great competitions form both highway and air transportation. One hand in the area of highway, there are intensive highway and freeway Networks and the rapid growing automobile carownership and usage. Another hand, in the area of air transportation, under Open air policy, the frequent air services attract a great deal of long-distance passengers. These competitions have made the market share of TRA become more and more decreasing. Furthermore, since the in actment of Labor standard Act in 1984, TRA personal expenditure increased, greatly. Thus the financial burden of TRA becomes seriously heavy. Therefore, the most important issues is to breakthrough its operation predicament and to improve the management system.This study first probes into the situation of TRA's management system and financial embarrassment. Secondly, refers to the operating experience from foreign railway firms and evaluates its adaptability. Thirdly, utilizes scenario analysis approach and TOWS matrix approach to develop some appropriate management system and operating strategies.The results of this study indicate that main reasons of TRA operation predicament are : (1) outside environments worsen TRA operational difficulties ; (2) inside situations were short of capability to meet the challenges. It is found that TRA must change its management system from government own government operation system, into government own railway private operation system; finally, into total privatization. Many improvement strategies such as simplification passenger trains etc. 13 strategies for passenger service; freight unit train etc. 7 strategies for freight services, and joint development strategy. If TRA implements there strategies, completely, it expects that TRA's financial situation will be better off, the operational predicaments may be improved, the quality of services will be increased, all in all, TRA will achieve the goal of increasing the domestic transportation market share.Keywords: Management System, Operational Strategies, Strategy programming, Multiple Criteria Decision Making Approach