工作特性、日韻律、工作壓力、心理健康與自評績效之相關性研究----以晶圓廠的女性直接人員為例

Abstract

近年來，國內的經濟發展一直以高科技產業為重心，其中半導體產業更是扮演著舉足輕重的角色。就半導體廠商而言，維持產品的品質穩定以及提昇產品良率是首要的經營目標。由於直接人員的現場操作更是影響產品品質與良率至鉅，因此本研究旨在探討直接人員的的工作特性對工作壓力的影響，另一方面，工作壓力對焦慮及績效的影響；再者探討日韻律類型及人口統計變項是否為中介變項，可作為管理者在選擇輪班人員、訓練員工、工作設計、工作分配等人事管理上的參考準則。 本研究採問卷調查方式，進行資料蒐集。受試者為科學園區內晶圓廠的女性直接人員，共發出356份問卷，回收204份有效問卷。所使用的工具，計有：「日韻律量表」、「工作壓力量表」、「工作績效量表」、「工作診斷調查表」、「心理健康量表」等。在分析資料的方法上，首先以因素分析法抽取研究變項之共同因素，並對各研究工具進行內部一致性Cronbach α的信度檢定，以確定研究工具為良好的工具；以交叉分類統計來統計人口特徵值；利用Pearson相關分析檢定各變項間的關係；以單因子變異數分析探討人口統計與各變項之間的差異情形；以多元迴歸檢定中介變項的假設。 本研究結果發現：(1) MPS較工作特性適合預測工作壓力。（2）MPS對自評績效有正向影響。（3）工作壓力對自評績效及焦慮有顯著影響。（4）工作特性及MPS對工作壓力的影響，受日韻律類型及輪班經驗所影響。（5）工作壓力對焦慮的影響受偏好的上班方式所影響。（6）工作負荷對自評績效的影響受最佳感覺節奏影響。（7）日班人員以清晨型和中間型為主，而夜班人員無顯著的類型偏好。最後，針對本研究的結果及討論，擬就研究限制、未來研究及工作實務上提出一些建議，以供參考。

In recent years, the government has always put great emphasis on High-tech industries, which promoted the development of domestic economy. Besides, IC industry has played an important role in Taiwan’s High-tech industries. Since direct labor’s operating performance has great impact on product quality and production, the purpose of this research is to discuss the relationship among job characteristics perception, work stress, psychological well-being, and self-rating performance for the direct labor in wafer manufacturing factory in Hsinchu Industrial Park. As we know that individual difference variables moderate the relationship among these variables, this study tries to use individual difference(circadian rhythm、demography variables) as a moderator. This study adopts the method of questionnaire survey to collect data. It aimed at direct labor working in Hsinchu Industrial Park, We sent out 356 questionnaires and got 204 ones back. This questionnaire is divided into five parts: i.e. MEQ(Morning-Evening Questionnaire), Job Stress Questionnaire(JSQ), Job Performance Scale, Job Diagnostic Survey(JDS), Psychological well-being. We adopted various statistic methods including : frequency、Pearson correlation analysis、one-way ANOVA、Scheffe multiple comparison methods and stepwise multiple regression. Through this research we might be able to provide some suggestions regarding job design for manager. The results of this research are as follows: 1. MPS is more suitable to predict work stress. 2. MPS is positively related with self-rating performance. 3. Work stress is negatively related with anxiety and self-rating performance.. 4. Circadian rhythm and shift-work experience have significant effects on the relationship among job characteristics, MPS and job stress. 5. Preferred work schedule has significant effects on the relationship between job stress and anxiety. 6. Best feeling rhythm has significant effects on the relationship between workload and self-rating performance. 7. The majority of dayworkers are found to be morning type and intermediate type, but nightworkers have no special type.