評析核能電廠緊急計畫的妥適性

Abstract

核能發電在能源不足的台灣提供另類的選擇，緊急計畫是安全運轉的最後一道防線，因此不能等待事故發生後才來驗證可行性，必須透過周詳的研究及經驗的堆疊，使緊急計畫能夠更完善；由於核能電廠緊急計畫非常複雜，本文建構一套緊急計畫的評估架構及評估準則，並用來評估現行核能電廠緊急計劃的妥適性及提出改善的建議，以做為核能電廠緊急計畫規劃之參考。 本研究首先探討緊急狀況的分類依據，透過事件時序分析及事件相關因素分析探討緊急計畫運作機制，依據分析的資料，再探討緊急計畫所涵蓋的活動，建構緊急計畫的評析架構及評估準則，進而對現有台電緊急計劃進行評估，發現現存的問題，並提出改善建議。 研究顯示，利用緊急計畫管理系統、緊急計畫工作隊、電廠所在地民眾、媒體及媒體工作者等四個構面做為評估緊急計劃有效與否的評估架構，並利用策略規劃、組織與結構、評估與診斷及溝通行動等四大項二十三小項做為有效與否的判準標準，可有效評估緊急計劃的妥適性。 經由本研究對緊急計畫妥適性的分析及探討，不僅可釐清核能電廠緊急計畫的重點，並可供台電規劃緊急計畫的制度及做法時，在深度及廣度上之參考；因此，本研究對於台電緊急計畫的周延性及完整性有實際的幫助。

Nuclear power offers an alternative choice for the energy source insufficiency here in Taiwan . Emergency Planning is the last defense for nuclear power safety. Feasibility certification must be performed before emergency takes place. By detailed research and experience accumulation can emergency planning reach perfection. The framework and criteria for evaluation is constructed and employed as a tool to assess the appropriateness of existing emergency planning in nuclear power plants. Recommendations are also proposed as future planning reference. Classification of emergency situation is first discussed. The working mechanism of emergency planning is then investigated through time series analysis and relevant factors analysis of events, as well as emergency planning activity scope. Evaluation framework and criteria is constructed and employed to perform evaluation for Taipower and discover existing problems. Suggestions are also made as reference for future improvement. The research reveals that the effectiveness evaluation framework consisting of crisis management system, working crew, civilian nearby the plants and media workers as well as evaluation standard consisting of strategy planning, organization structure, assessment diagnosis and communication, can effectively evaluate the appropriateness of emergency planning for nuclear power plants. The appropriateness of emergency planning is evaluated and investigated, not only to clarify the emphasis points for the nuclear power plants but also to provide substantial benefit as a reference in depth and breadth for planning and execution of emergency planning in nuclear power plants.