國籍航空公司採用低成本經營方案之評估

Abstract

西南航空公司的低成本經營策略影響力，已經逐漸由歐洲傳遞到亞洲來，低成本航空公司的經營環境在近幾年中已有戲劇性改進，如今亞洲各國的低成本航空公司正蓬勃發展，我國、澳洲、印尼、印度、馬來西亞、泰國和新加坡等的大型航空公司，很快地將發現低成本是該被考慮的一種經營策略。

低成本經營模式的要素包括低票價、飛機高速的轉場、單一機型機隊、無花邊服務、無常客飛行計畫和航點對航點的服務等。由西南航空公司開始經營超出德克薩斯州的航空限定範圍後，這種開創性低成本航空旅行在經美國全國性辯論後，聯邦政府解除對航空公司管制。然而亞洲地區和美國的差別點是邊境為國際性，要實施低成本經營的障礙包括繁重的航空規章，雙邊空中協定的限制，次級機場數目不多，不僅各國海關及入出境管理單位官員竭力反對西南航空公司經營模式所倚賴的高速的轉場，而且雙邊的航空服務協議更需要亞洲地區各國家的共同合作。

本論文研究分析國外低成本航空公司成功的經營策略，從公司成本項目討論策略的評估，並設計出不同的方案、標的、準則和方案，以專家深度訪談、問卷調查、多準則評估、層級分析為研究方法，最後本研究綜合問卷調查結果，歸納出國籍航空公司採用低成本經營的可能方案，供日後學術研究。

The Southwest Airline effect is spreading across Europe to Asia. The Low Cost Carrier (LCC) business climate has improved dramatically in the recent years. Asian Low Cost Carriers are on a roll. Major carriers in Taiwan, Australia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore will soon discover that low cost operating strategies are a force to be reckoned with the strategies of LCC.

Major common elements of LCC business models include low fares, fast turnarounds of airplanes, a single-type fleet, few or no frills service, no frequent-flier program, and point-to-point operating service, etc. Southwest Airlines got its start flying beyond the reach of Texas Aeronautics Board. This kind of economical air travel opened a national debate that led to U.S. Federal Government deregulated the limitation to U.S. airlines. However, the difference in Asia is that the borders are international. Obstacles included onerous regulations, relatively few secondary airports and restrictions pegged to bilateral agreements. Not only do customs and immigration procedures officers against the quick turnarounds that the Southwest business model relies on, but also air services bilateral agreements are involved. It requires regional cooperation of Asian countries to reach the agreements.

This study analyzed the successful business strategies which LCC operated with. From the cost items this study discussed the strategies evaluation and designed several different alternatives、objectives、criteria. Then the study applied with several methods including the detail interview of professional key person, the questionnaire investigation, the Multi-Criteria Evaluation Method, and Analytic Hierarchy Process. Finaly, covered the results from analysis of questionnaire, this study has concluded the possible alternative for which domestic airlines might adapt in the future.