使用電腦及傳統媒材進行構想發展之視覺思考差異研究：基於工業設計案例

Abstract

在電腦媒材介入設計之後，電腦輔助設計的產生，對整個設計過程產生了極大的衝擊，許多相關的研究因應而生，諸如形式文法、專家系統之類。在近幾年內，電腦輔助設計針對於設計過程中前期的構想發展階段也有一些相關的研究產生，但幾乎都屬於電腦系統測試發展的應用性研究。從另一個角度來看，學者們對於構想發展階段中的草圖和設計師視覺思考的認知行為一直都抱以極大的關注，也存在著許多此領域的研究。綜合以上兩個領域，可以發現一點缺憾，那就是在電腦輔助設計，或是說電腦輔助構想設計蓬勃的今日，缺乏針對使用此種新媒材的相關認知研究，而這就是本研究的議題。本研究是以紀錄受測設計者進行構想發展時的視覺過程為主，以作者事後詢問受測者特定問題的口語資料為輔，以三組編碼系統來進行分析。由本研究了解到在工業設計領域，使用電腦作為構想發展的工具是可行的，而使用兩種不同媒材進行構想發展的設計者，在設計的呈現以及設計認知的互動式意象都有差異，但在心像呈現的類型上卻是相同的，差異產生的原因主要是來自相異媒材的各自特性。

Computer, this new kind of media, has influenced the behavior of design to some degree. Among these years, many researches have appeared for the development of computer-aided design. In recent years, such kind of computer-aided studies about the forepart of design, that is the stage of concept generation, have also started to generate. But most of these researches belonged to the kind of applied studies with the test of computer systems. On the other hand, there were many researches about the visual thinking and cognitive behavior of designers while sketching or drawing in the stage of concept generation. From the synthesis of the fore two disciplines, we can find that there existing a point of deficiency, that is the cognitive research about designers using computers as the sketching media is absent. And that is what I want to study and discuss in this research. There are two experiments about concept generation with computer and conventional media in this research .The fundamental analytic data is the visual process chronicled form the sketching of subjects, and the assistant analytic data is the verbal data from the questions that the subjects are asked after his/her sketching. These data is analyzed by three coding schema. The cognitive appearance while designers generating concepts with computers or conventional media are propounded and discussed in this research. There exits some different points in the aspect of design and interactive imagery, but there is no difference about the representation of mental imagery mainly from the properties of two different kind of media.