高速公路交通訂位系統之實作與模擬

Abstract

因為有太多不確定的因素，所以用路者的行為是很難去預測的。雖然旅行者資訊系統可提供用路者交通資訊，但還是無法有效地管理交通。當交通系統負荷過重時，想藉由提供用路者交通資訊來改善交通狀況在大多數的例子是不太可行的。而在航空方面，藉由好的訂位策略可以有效地將有限的座位分配給旅客，使旅客以及航空公司都滿意。因此，本研究在高速公路管理方面加入訂位的觀念，提供一種交通管理系統，可以有效的控制用路人的選擇以及交通流量，若能適當的運作，將是一項管理交通非常好的工具。 高速公路的運作情形類似鐵路，乘客只能在火車站上下車，有如用路者只能在匝道上下高速公路，因此，高速公路可視為鐵路主線，每一台車可視為乘客，每一段時間及區間通過的車輛之最佳數目可視為火車車箱最多可容納乘客的容量。因此，高速公路交通訂位系統的運作有如鐵路的座位分配，當訂位需求被接受時，用路人才能上路。 本研究實作一訂位程序，除了包含提供用路人訂位之方式，還需要處理訂位需求之因應策略，以及起訖容量供給之資料庫，此外並模擬各訂位時段各路段之交通量分佈，訂位系統根據用路人的訂位情形，可動態的調整各時段各路段起訖容量的供給，並分析各種不同情境之模擬結果。

Because of many variables, the driver’s action is hard to predict. Although the traveler information system can provide traffic information to drivers, it is not easy to manage traffic efficiently. When the road system is overloaded, additional information does not improve system performance in most cases. In the airline industry, efficiency in the allocation of limited airline seat inventories can make both passengers and the airline better off. In this study, a highway booking concept is proposed, and a traffic management system is provided to control travelers’ choice and the traffic flow. If appropriately applied, it may offer a powerful tool for road traffic management. A freeway system with its access control on the interchanges is similar to a rail system in which passengers can board or detrain only at rail stations. Therefore, interchanges can be visualized as stations. The freeway mainline can be visualized as stations. The freeway mainline can be thought of as the railway. The lapse of time is similar to the moving forward of a rail car. A vehicle can be compared with a passenger on a rail car. Then, the optimal vehicles passing a section of road during a specific time period is similar to the capacity of a train. The highway booking system can be constructed and operated as rail bookings. When a request is accepted, the driver can drive on the highway. This study implements part of the highway booking system, the booking procedure, which is designed as a website. The booking method is provided for the drivers, and the control mechanism and the database of road capacity are also included. Besides, a distribution of traffic flow in each road segment in a period is simulated. The booking system can do the capacity adjustment and allocation process according to drivers’ booking status, and the results are analyzed.