軸輻路網在國際定期貨櫃船航線之應用

Abstract

聯合國（1990）研究報告中指出，國際貨櫃船航線發展為軸輻路網型態已經有十幾年，但相關文獻多半在論述空運軸輻路網，甚少談及海運貨櫃船軸輻路網者。本研究擬以國際定期船航線為研究對象，利用軸輻路網的理念，嘗試建立國際定期船航線之軸輻模式（Hub-and-Spoke Model），本研究嘗試對國際定期船航線的佈設提供一個具體的架構。 軸輻路網之營運方式能降低貨櫃之單位運送成本，本研究擬依下列方式定義貨櫃轉口運送之折扣率（大型貨櫃母船之單位運送成本/子船之單位運送成本），即利用貨櫃母船與子船運送之單位運送成本不同，貨櫃母船在運送上會產生運送成本之折扣，此即降低單位運送成本之作用，此運送成本之折扣作為判斷貨櫃是否需經過軸心港轉運，來考量軸心港形成之要件。 尋找遠東地區之集貨港（feeder port）、軸心港（hub port）、主要幹線（interhub link）、輻線（link）。應用軸輻路網（Hub-and-Spoke network）的模型，用以描述國際定期船航線路網規劃與停靠港口選擇的問題；由於集貨觀念的開始，於是有船舶大型化的趨勢，期以達到規模經濟、降低貨物單位運送成本。在集貨的過程中，對軸心港與集貨港之航線所佈設之軸輻路網先做分析探討，並針對軸心港的航線分不作描述，最後以遠東-太平洋-北美國際航線為例，對整個海運軸輻路網作詳細的探討。

Transoceanic containerships are built larger and larger to reduce their unit operating costs for liner shipping companies. It would make less profit for large containerships to berth too many ports in a local area. Therefore, a hub-and-spoke network would be a better way for operating liner fleets, in which the bigger and faster ships running on the main routes among the hub ports and, the smaller feeders connects the origins with hub ports or the hub ports with destinations. It has been more than 10 years that international containerships have been running in the pattern of hub-and-spoke network, but very less papers mention this point, while lots of them talk about airway hub-and-spoke networks. This study is trying to set up a hub-and-spoke model for the international liner ships' routes, which could describe the conditions of establishment for a hub port by considering the critical flows on the main routes and spokes. This study, based on several international ports in Far-east and North America, also analyze the effects of O-D container flows and the transshipment container flows of the hub and feeder ports on the developing process of a hub port.