通用序列匯流排理論與應用方面之研究

Abstract

在個人電腦的環境中，周邊裝置存在著包括價格、規劃及連接等方面的缺點。這些缺點直接導致了對一種較佳的連接週邊裝置之方法的需求。許多符合需求的連接與存取周邊裝置解決方案已被提出。 做為一個連接個人電腦周邊裝置的解決方案，通用序列匯流排(USB)在效率和價位之間取得了平衡。如圖Figure 0-1所示，連接至USB連接埠之裝置，可提供額外的連接點給其他的裝置。這些連接點是經由USB集線器提供。集線器本身可以是獨立的裝置，它也可能被整合在周邊裝置如鍵盤與印表機中。 一直想把關於USB的問題做一個整理。之所以獨鐘於這個主題是因為這方面的資料一般人很不容易得到，畢竟商業技術層次是比較深一些。但是資料少不表示需求少，事實上PC軟/硬體界對USB知識與技術的渴求日益殷切。 在這篇論文中，我們使用USB技術完成了『前投式液晶投影機之色彩及照度』自動化測試系統(ATS)，本系統係根據1997年ANSI標準開發，採多點同步量測的設計，快速地測量液晶投影機之色彩及亮度表現能力，測試項目包括ANSI流明值、光均勻度、色彩均勻度及對比量測等，其完善的使用者介面，使系統操作十分便利，透過此一系統，可建立測試標準之認定，確保產品品質的一致性，替工廠自動化提供了可能的解決方案之分析。

There is a result of the difficulties associated with the cost, configuration, and attachment of peripheral devices in the personal computer environment.Because of these shortcoming , many of which led directly to the need for a better solution for attaching peripherals.Numerous solutions exist that might satisfy the requirements of a new method for attaching and accessing peripheral devices. The Universal Serial Bus (USB) creats a solution for attaching PC peripherals that balances performance and cost. Devices attached to USB ports can incorporate additional connections for attaching other USB devices as illustrated in Figure 0-1 . These additional connections are provided via a USB hub. Hubs can be stand-alone devices, or can be integrated into other USB peripherals such as printers or keyboards. In fact, Computer industry is hot for understanding USB knowledge gradually. Hence we make a『Color and Illuminance Analysis System for Front LCD Projector』 automatic test system with USB technique. It follows ANSI standard and the friendly user interface application provides the solution of factory for testing. Abstract (in Chinese) ………………………………………….I Abstract (in English) …………………………………………..II Acknowledgment (in Chinese)………………………………III Contents…………………………………………………………V Table lists……………………………………………………….VI Figure Captions…………………………………………………VII Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………….1 1.1Motivative…………..……………………………………1 1.2Background………………………………………………..2 Chapter 2 USB Concepts……………………………………….4 Chapter 3 USB Data Flow Model………………………………11 Chapter 4 USB Transactions……………………………………41 Chapter 5 USB Cable Power Distribution………………………48 Chapter 6 USB in the Windows World………………………….50 6.1 Introduction…………………………………………50 6.2 USB software Architecture…………………………50 6.3 USB Driver Loading………………………………..52 6.4 USB Enumeration…………………………………..53 6.5 USB Interface……………………………………….53 6.6 Wrapping It Up………………………………..….…54 Chapter 7 USB Inside Automatic Testing System……………..…55 7.1 Motivation…………………………………………...55 7.2 Optical Principle……………………………………..55 7.3 Hardware Principle…………………………………..61 7.4 System Specification of Design…………………..….64 Chapter 8 Summary and Conclusion……………………………….80 Reference …………………………………………………………...81 Vita ………………………………………………………………….125 Table Captions Table 1-1 Bus Architectures Comparisons Table 6-1 Summary of the USB interface functions Table 7-1 Chromaticity Coordinate and Formula Figure Captions Figure 0-1 Typical USB Configuration Figure 2-1 USB Flow Figure 2-2 USB Basic Cable Layout Figure 2-3 A USB Hub Figure 2-4 Hub-State Diagram Figure 3-1 Simple USB Host/Device View Figure 3-2 USB Implementation Figure 3-3 Host Composition Figure 3-4 Physical Device Composition Figure 3-5 USB Physical Bus Topology Figure 3-6 USB Logical Bus Topology Figure 3-7 Client Software-to-function Relationships Figure 3-8 USB Host/Device Detailed View Figure 3-9 USB Communication Flow Figure 3-10 USB Information Conversion From Client Software to Bus Figure 3-11 Transfer for Communication Flows Figure 3-12 Arrangement of IRPs to Transactions/Frames Figure 3-13 Non-USB Isochronous Example Figure 3-14 USB Isochronous Application Figure 3-15 Examples Source/Sink Connectivity Figure 3-16 Data Prebuffering Figure 3-17 Packet and Buffer Size Formulas for Rate-Matched Isochronous Transfers Figure 4-1 A Bulk Transaction Figure 4-2 A Control Setup Transaction Figure 4-3 An Interrupt Transaction Figure 4-4 An Isochronous Transaction Figure 6-1 MS Windows USB Architecture Figure 6-2 Root-Hub PDO Figure 6-3 Example Physical Topology Figure 6-4 PDO List for Example Topology Figure 7-1 Photodiode CrossSection Figure 7-2 Photodiode P-N Junction State Figure 7-3 Current-to-voltage converter Figure 7-4 Schematic diagram of a dual-slope ADC Figure 7-5 The waveform at the integrator output of Figure 7-4 Figure 7-6 AN2313S (80 pin) Simplified Block Diagram