標題: | 極微濾薄膜在自來水淨水工程上之應用 Application of Nanofiltration Membrane Process in Drinking Water Treatment |
作者: | 林俊德 Lin Chun-Te 陳重男 阮國棟 康世芳 盧明俊 Jong-Nan Chen 環境工程系所 |
關鍵字: | 極微濾薄膜;單一膜管試驗;模型廠試驗;處理效能;薄膜堵塞;Nanofiltration;Single Element Bench-Scale Test;Pilot plant Testing;Performance;membrane fouling |
公開日期: | 1999 |
摘要: | 近年來,由於社會大眾對於飲用水水質的要求逐漸提升與相關法規標準的日趨嚴格,僅靠傳統的淨水程序處理已逐漸感受到不足,高級淨水程序之開發日益迫切,其中極微濾(Nanofiltration)薄膜程序於淨水工程上極具發展之潛力與研究之價值,目前已被廣泛用於國外許多淨水場之高級處理,而國內對此一薄膜之研究仍屬葫芽階段,因此本研究根據美國ICR對薄膜研究之規範進行「單一膜管試驗(Single Element Bench-Scale Test;SEBST)」及「模型廠試驗(Pilot plant Testing)」,以新竹第一淨水場作為研究場指進行NF薄膜之現場試驗與評估,並測試不同飼流水比較其在處理效能與操作上之差異,最後再以匣式過濾器探討極微濾薄膜系統之前處理效能。
研究結果顯示,NF薄膜SEBST系統對總硬度與濁度、鈣硬度、總溶解固體量及導電度之去除率分別為96%、95%、92%及93%以上,對色度、鹼度則有77%、88%以上之去除率。對非揮發性溶解性有機碳NPDOC、UV254平均有64%及85%。對THMs與THMFP消毒副產物在飼流水濃度極低之下平均有62%上之去除率。
以SEBST對實驗場址中之沈澱水及過濾水進行分析,比較NF薄膜其處理效能及操作變化,結果顯示在處理效能上之差異不大,而NF薄膜之堵塞現象(以MTCw衰減為指標)兩者均不明顯,但以過濾水為飼流水時之薄膜MTCw衰減較快,即其堵塞速率較快。
在NF薄膜模廠試驗中,各項水質分析項目與SEBST試驗大致呈現一樣之趨勢。NF薄膜模型廠試驗回收率控制在約75%左右,堵塞速率以Stage1較Stage2快,而System則較兩者稍慢,但整體而言堵塞現象(以MTCw衰減為指標)仍不明顯。
以匣式過濾器作薄膜系統之前處理單元,其對SDI(不論是SDI5、SDI10或SDI15)之去除效果會隨尺寸越小(20μm 、10μm 、5μm、 1μm)效果越好,但僅以單支20μm、10μm或5μm匣式過濾器作前處理時,均難達到薄膜廠商對NF薄膜進流SDI15<3∼5之要求。若搭配兩匣式過濾器時,20μm+10μm仍不能達到其要求,而10μm+5μm與5μm+1μm則可降低SDI15低於3∼5,確保NF薄膜合於廠商之建議值。前處理單元之去除效果以色度、濁度最佳。對總硬度、鈣硬度,除20μm匣式過濾器對總硬度平均去除率較明顯外(10.41%)其餘之去除率則不高。對UV254之去除以活性碳匣式過濾器效果最好(23.47%)。5μm、1μm及活性碳三種匣式過濾器中,以5μm對NPDOC去除率最高(23.47%),活性碳則有21.73%。THMs以20μm及活性碳之去除效果較為明顯(16.65及17.89%),THMFP則以1μm效果較明顯者(12.4%)。對於TDS匣式過濾器之去除率幾乎為零,甚至為負值,同樣地對鹼度、導電度之去除效果亦均十分有限。 As the levels of drinking water regulation is getting more and more stringent, the update of tratment plants is becoming necessary. Membrane processes have been found wide applications in water treatment, and the nanofiltration is one of the most potential membrane process. Although it had been applied successfully in many plants, the development in Taiwan was just beginning. This study follow US EPA suggesting "ICR Manual forBench- and Pilot-Scale Treatment Studies", to test and evaluate the performances and operation of NF membrane process by Single Element Bench-Scale Test(SEBST) and Pilot plant Testing. SEBST have good performances in total hardness, turbidity (96% rejection), calcium hardness (95%), TDS (92%), and conductivity (93%). The rejection of color, alkanity, NPDOC, and UV254 are 77% and 88%. Although feed water concentration were low, the rejection of NF membrane still above 62%. Comparing the water after Sedimentation and Filtration as SEBST feed water. The results show there are no significant different between these in nanofiltered permeate. The pilot results of water quality were similar with SEBST, and the fouling rate (evaluated by MTCw decline )was not significant in the period of this study. |
URI: | http://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#NT880515021 http://hdl.handle.net/11536/66227 |
顯示於類別: | 畢業論文 |