國道客運車輛下層空間設置臥舖或座位顧客接受之研究

Abstract

相較於國內航空之高票價與鐵路座位難求，不斷提昇服務之質與量的國道客運，吸引了不少乘客於周末假日大排長龍，候補等待國道客運座位之現象。若能利用下層空間增設座位或臥舖，藉由提高客運容量縮短旅客等候時間，且旅客亦可有更多種選擇(臥舖、座位)，使整體大眾運輸的運能與品質皆提高。 本研究設計敘述性偏好問卷，調查往來台北台中與台北高雄間客運巴士、飛機、台鐵及小汽車使用者對巴士下層座位的接受度，以及對巴士下層臥舖的選擇行為。下層座位的接受度以李克氏五分法來衡量，利用排序普洛比模式分析下層座位的接受度。巴士下層臥舖區分為兩種等級，分別為臥舖A(具有獨立包廂與單人床墊)，與臥舖B(無獨立包廂，但有可完全平躺的豪華座椅)。受訪者可選擇新的下層臥舖等級，或原有運具方案(巴士上層座位、鐵路、飛機與小汽車)。本研究同時利用顯示性偏好與敘述性偏好資料，構建城際運具與巴士下層臥舖多項與巢式羅吉特選擇模式，以探討影響選擇行為的變數及整合校估的模式結構。 排序性普洛比模式校估結果顯示，社會經濟特性、旅次特性與搭乘下層經驗為旅客對巴士下層座位接受度的影響變數。影響旅客選擇運具與臥舖的重要變數包括運具服務水準、旅次特性與社會經濟特性。整合顯示性與敘述性偏好模式的尺度因子相當顯著，且較敘述性偏好模式適合預測下層臥舖的潛在需求。最後本研究建議未來若開放下層空間，業者應以在下層空間設置座位為主，臥舖為輔。

With the rise in domestic airfares, the insufficiency of rail seats, and the improvement of intercity bus services, more and more long-distance passengers have shifted to bus in the west corridor of Taiwan. Plenty of passengers can be found waiting for well-equipped, high-quality service buses on weekends or holidays. Thus, to increase the bus capacity by well utilizing the lower deck space seems promising. The data used in the research are from a stated preference survey of passengers traveling between Taipei - Kaohsiung and Taipei – Taichung. The ordered probit models are used to estimate the acceptance of lower deck seats evaluated by Likert five points. The new modes, sleeper level A (private cabins with a single bed) and sleeper level B(no private cabins but reclining 90 degree seats) are added to the stated preference and combined revealed preference and stated preference models. Respondents can choose from the new modes and the current modes(bus upper seats, train, air and car). Both revealed and stated preference data are used to estimate the modes and sleepers choice models. The results indicate that socio-economic characters, trip characters and previous experience with lower deck seats are important factors affecting the lower deck seats acceptance; socio-economic characters, trip characters and level of service of modes are important factors affecting the lower deck sleepers choice behavior; There is a scale difference between revealed and stated preference data, and the prediction power of combined models are relatively good. The research proposes the lower deck space should be equipped with seats mainly.