建構台灣銀行業的知識管理：以強化新興高科技公司授信為例

Abstract

我國的產業結構在近年有重大的轉變，許多傳統產業成長停滯或是陷入經營的困境，連帶地使本國銀行業者對這些昔日授信的大宗對象產生疑慮，而逐漸降低對傳統產業的授信。但銀行業本身仍然必需面臨成長的挑戰，因此有愈來愈多的銀行將焦點投注在高科技產業的授信市場，並視之為未來營運成長的重點所在。但高科技產業技術變動快速、投資金額大而回收期長的產業特性，使得過去銀行普遍認為這是一個高風險的授信市場，而持較保留的態度，雖然現在銀行因為競爭而勇於進入高科技產業授信市場，但這個產業風險高的特性其實依然存在，我國銀行業在進軍這個市場之前，其實有許多地方仍有待加強。 因此本論文用知識管理的角度來對這個課題加以研究，並以焦點群體(Focus group)及層級分析法（AHP）為主要研究方法，探討台灣銀行業在進軍高科技產業授信市場時，會面臨到的幾個問題，包括評估方式的改變、組識設計調整、授信知識的分類與儲存方式及授信人員對於知識分享的態度等。本研究發現包括高科技公司的授信評估模式與傳統授信有所不同、區域中心AO制的分行設計最適合高科技授信所需及主要影響授信人員分享知識的正負面因素等成果，提供給銀行業做參考，以提高銀行授信的應變速度及組織知識交流的質量，才能配合得上高科技產業的快速脈動，除了降低授信的風險，並提供高品質的金融服務。

The industry structure in Taiwan has changed dramatically in recent years. Many traditional industries are struggling to maintain their growths and even their sales. This industry structure change has forced the banks in Taiwan to re-exam the credibility of the traditional industries and sometimes also to reduce the loans to those industries. In order to keep their sustained growth after reducing the loans to their past major customers, many banks began to move their focus from the traditional industries to the Hi-tech industry and spend lots of efforts to attract new customers from that industry. The Hi-tech industry used to be seen as a high-risk loan market due to their industry characters: faster technology innovation, heavier weight of capital spending and longer time before the companies begin to make profits. Because of these characters, the banking industry believed that the Hi-tech industry was a high-risk loan market, and hence were reluctant to make loans to the Hi-tech industry. Although the banks are now eager to enter the Hi-tech market due to the intensive competition in the banking industry, the fact that Hi-tech is a high-risk loan market still exists. Many problems and issues need to be carefully discussed before the banking industry enters the Hi-tech loan market. This article uses the concept of “knowledge management” to discuss the concern stated above. The two major methods that applied in this article are “Focus Group” and “AHP”. I discuss some problems and issues that might emerge when Taiwan’s banking industry enters the High-tech industry loan market. These problems and issues include: the change on the way to evaluate the customers, the issue of organization redesign, the improvement on the way to sort and store the knowledge, and the employers’ attitudes toward sharing their knowledge to the colleagues. I hope the study of these problems and issues will give the banking industry in Taiwan some suggestions on how to raise the response speed on bad bank loans, and how to improve the quality of knowledge sharing both inside the organization and among organizations. By doing so, the banking industry can catch up the high-speed change in the demand in the High-tech industry, and hence achieve the banking industry’s main goals: first, to reduce the risk of bank loans, and, second, to give a better quality of finance services to the customers.