航空噪音費徵收與夜間加成之研究

Abstract

航空噪音費於民國八十八年前為併入降落費中徵收，目前改以徵收一單獨的附加費用，以更符合徵收噪音費與使用者付費之精神。然而，於不同地區之不同機場，因航空公司或旅客之經濟行為，外溢至機場附近居民之噪音社會成本理應有所不同，卻以相同之計價方式徵收噪音費，此種「一國一制」方式，確有爭議。再者，於夜間或清晨等噪音敏感時段，所產生之航空噪音，對居民影響更是深遠。因此，必須對噪音費之徵收與夜間加成制度之實施作更深一層探討。本研究以中正國際機場為研究對象，應用特徵價格法（Hedonic Price Method）之精神，估算中正國際機場之噪音社會成本，據以求出日間噪音費率；並在考量噪音成本與系統運轉成本下，建立數學模式進行最佳化分析，以得到夜間加成時段之最佳加成比率，進而求出夜間噪音費率。 研究結果顯示：（1）2002年中正國際機場鄰近受噪音影響總家戶數為9,785戶，年噪音成本為新台幣25,457.21萬元。（2）依目前國內所採行之線性分攤公式試算，各機型之日間噪音費率約為現行噪音費率之七成五。以波音747客機為例，現行費率為每降次新台幣9,178元，本研究所試算之費率則為每降次新台幣6,887元。（3）求解最佳之日夜間噪音費比值為0.65，故夜間噪音費率為日間噪音費率之1.54倍；約為現行費率之1.14倍。

Aircraft noise charge has been merged into the landing fee way before 1999.Right now it is collected as an individual additional charge to meet the essence of noise charge and Polluter Pays Principle. However, in different airports of different regions, the externality of noise, which owes to the economical behavior of airlines or travelers and spills over to the nearby residents is supposed to be different. Nevertheless, the airport noise charge is levied under the same valuation. This kind of “One country-one policy” way is under dispute. Moreover, during those noise-sensitive periods, such as nighttime or dawn, the impact of noise nuisance to the residents nearby is even worse. Therefore, it’s necessary to probe into the noise charge and nighttime surcharge mechanism. This study takes CKS Airport for example, applying the essence of Hedonic Price Method to evaluate the externality of noise of CKS Airport to look for the daytime noise charge. Besides, given the noise cost and the operating cost of the system, this study also constructs a model to carry out the optimal analysis so as to get the optimal ratio of the daytime charge to the nighttime one and then the nighttime noise charge. We found that the annual noise cost of the CKS Airport in 2002 is NT 254,572 thousand dollars while the amount of dwellings affected by aircraft noise is 9,785. According to the calculation of the adopted formula -linear allocation of charges to individual aircraft type, the daytime charge of each type is about 75% of the current one. Taking Boeing 747 as an example, current charge per landing is NT 9,178 dollars while this study came to the conclusion of NT 6,887 dollars per landing. At last, the optimal ratio of the daytime charge to the nighttime charge is 0.65, so the nighttime charge is 1.54 times as much as the daytime one and 1.14 times as much as the current one.