透過人機介面探討榔頭工作模式與績效之關係—以建築榔頭為例

Abstract

本研究是針對建築營造業中，榔頭打擊作業之工作與休息模式以及可能產生之累積性傷害尋求健康對策。透過榔頭之打擊作業實驗，並應用EMG儀器量測，以科學之方法，瞭解手部各肌肉參與工作之狀態。防止過度之肌力負荷，以健康管理之概念，預防或降低累積性傷害。 由於日常生活形態轉變，有許多工作需要以榔頭敲擊方式進行，例如自己動手做東西（DIY）。一般營造建築業工作現場，使用榔頭更是無可避免。在產品多樣化下，選擇適當榔頭與了解其使用績效，更是能否有良好工作的參考指標。但往往設計這些榔頭時，並沒有確切考慮人因工程的許多因素。使用者必須屈就於榔頭，因而在不是很舒適的姿態下操作榔頭；以及憑經驗工作的習慣下，往往超限度工作，造成許多疲勞傷害。這些傷害包括：手部酸痛、肩部酸痛、背部疲勞等、腕道症候群（carpal tunnel syndrome）、肌肉骨骼酸痛等。可經由榔頭打擊作業對生理的影響評估，並對打擊工作程序再設計，減少累積性疲勞的發生率。 本研究方法透過多方蒐集相關論文與期刊等文獻，進行人因工程動作分析與評估，並以一體成形榔頭（羊角鎚）進行相關實驗，首先以前測實驗找出榔頭打擊工作之主要參與肌群，決定適當之打擊工作量尺，並檢視主觀量表之適切否。再經由正式實驗，以1000 hz為偵測頻率找出榔頭打擊作業之肌群NEMG百分比值與偵測時間內，並偵測EMG之振幅峰值平均，經由統計結果分析合理之工作模式，並做成建議，希望以此專業技術分析，為消費者作貼心的人因設計考量。

The ergonomic design of hand tools has a great influence on the use of hand tools to meet both special and household needs. However, the industrial and the academic circles have conducted a few researches on this field. As a result of the changes of living styles, many jobs need beating with hammers, such as DIY (do it yourself), let alone the use of hammers in building houses. The different working patterns require a variety of hammers. Therefore, choosing hammers and understanding their performance becomes an index of smart working. However, when these hammers were designed, many factors of the ergonomics didn’t be taken into consideration. The users have no choice but to condescend to hammers under uncomfortable operating posture. Even the users with full of experience, the inadequate hammers will cause tiredness and aches on them. The aches include hand ache, shoulder ache and backache. If the working hours are beyond the limit, it will result in accumulative tiredness and aches like carpal tunnel syndrome, muscle and bone ache…etc. We aim to design hammers by the analysis based on human-factor engineering. Besides, we expect to set up the standards of the human-factor engineering and testify the system in order to meet the theories. The researches on the relationship between the working patterns with hammers and the accumulative limb aches have not been studied comprehensively. By analyzing the working patterns, we’ll realize the effects of the accumulative aches caused by unsatisfactory hammers, try to lessen the effects and raise the comfortableness of hammers. This project will make a systematic and analytic researches on the hammers manufactured and offer the operative principles for improvement. We will comprehend the results as following: 1.The adequate working patterns with hammers according to the evaluation of the ergonomic design (the time limit of operating hammers and the reasonable resting time) 2.The suggestive measurable list providing the operators of different types of figure with adequate hammers, the best operating performance of hammers and the prevention of tiredness and aches.