再製與抗拒－我國高中職入學制度(1971-2002)之研究

Abstract

摘 要 本研究旨在探討高中職入學制度之沿革與轉變，並透過對政治經濟脈絡之相關分析，嘗試釐清高中職入學制度之功能與轉變的動力，冀能對於建構更合理之高中職入學制度有所貢獻。主要研究目的有： 一、探討高中職入學制度的歷史沿革與轉變，釐清高中職入學政策在不同時期實施的情況與問題。 二、分析政治、經濟與意識型態層面如何形構高中職入學制度，論述促使高 中職入學制度修正與轉變的原因。 三、反省批判高中職入學制度的政策論述，檢視政策目標與實施成效是否相符。 四、討論建構合理高中職入學制度的可能性。 基於上述之研究目的，本研究在第二章探討高中職入學制度在傳統時期（1971-1987）與轉變時期（1988-2002）之實施情況，以及所衍生之問題。 在第三章中，本研究分析高中職入學制度因具功績主義之意識型態，故在教育選擇機制看似中立與公正的外表下，獲得社會成員「同意」入學制度協助「累積資本」與維持「政權合法性」之外部需求，並再製不平等的社會結構。 在第四章中，本研究論述改革高中職入學制度的動力及政策目標。高中職多元入學方案雖具有「抗拒」的形式，然卻是脫離真實社會脈絡，並未具有真正的抗拒行動，入學制度的改革甚至有深化社會不平等的趨勢。 最後一章中，本研究提出五點討論： 一、高中職入學制度之意識型態。 二、「紓解升學壓力」與「公平性」的兩難。 三、高中職入學制度具維持「累積資本」與「政權合法性」功能 四、學術性知識與「再製」的關連性 五、「抗拒」的能動性與侷限性 關鍵詞：再製、抗拒、高中職入學制度、意識型態。

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate on the reform and change of high school and vocational school admission policy. In addition, through related analysis on the political and economic system, this research attempts to clarify the function of high school and vocational school admission policy and the dynamics of change hoping that it can provide contribution to the establishment of a more reasonable high school and vocational school entrance system. The main purpose of the study includes: 1. Investigate on the past history and change of the high school and vocational school admission policy and clarify the condition and problem of implementation of high school and vocational school admission policy in different stages. 2. Analyze on how the aspect of politics, economics and ideology can shape the high school and vocational school entrance system and describe the reason of urging the revision and change of the high school and vocational school admission policy. 3. Conduct self-contemplation and criticism on the policy of the high school and vocational school admission policy and examine whether the policy goal and the implemented result can be consistent. 4. Discuss on the feasibility of establishing a reasonable high school and vocational school entrance system. In view of the above research purpose, in Chapter II, this research conducted investigation on the implementation of high school and vocational school admission policy during the traditional period (1971-1987) and the transformation period (1988-2002). In Chapter 3, this research will analyze the condition that due to the ideology of the merits and achievements doctrine in the high school and vocational school entrance system, therefore under the appearance that its seems the education selection system is neutral and impartial, the system has obtained the 「consent」 of society members to assist in the 「capital accumulation」 and to maintain the external requirement of 「legitimacy of the political power」. In addition, it has generated an impartial social structure again. In Chapter 4, this research describes the dynamics of reforming the high school and vocational school entrance system and the policy goals. Although, the diversified entrance plan of high school and vocational school has the form of 「resistance」, yet it is detached from the real social system and does not have real resisting action. The reform of the school entrance system even has the trend of deepening the inequality in the society. In the final chapter, this study presents five points for discussion: 1. Ideology of the high school and vocational school admission policy. 2. The dilemma of 「mitigating the pressure of advancing to a higher school」and 「fairness」. 3. The high school and vocational school admission policy possess the function of 「accumulation」and the「legitimation」. 4. Correlation between academic knowledge and「reproduction」. 5. The capability of dynamics and limitation of 「resistance」. Key word：reproduction、resistance、admission policy of senior high schools、ideology