遊戲理論之電腦模擬─名聲機制應用於反覆囚犯困局

Abstract

隨著網際網路的發達，愈來愈多人透過網際網路進行交流與互動，利用網際網路進行商業交易的例子也逐漸增多，但是由於網際網路的跨地域與匿名特性，交易的雙方都承擔了一定的風險，因為雙方都可能出現詐騙的行為，因此如何防止詐騙行為，增進交易雙方的合作，是一個很重要的議題。在E-Commerce的環境下，交易的雙方會不斷地進行互動以求取能增加本身的利益，他們可能採取互相合作的方式來達到長期的互利，但是他們也可能會想要透過不斷地佔別人便宜的方式來謀取更多的利益，囚犯困局是一個捕捉到上述情境的社會模型，應用的範圍很廣，包括生物學、經濟學、政治學…等都有相關研究，因此是一個很適合用來探討合作議題的模型。 名聲評價機制是促進互動雙方合作的有效方法，名聲可視為對他方的行為或意向的評估，是選擇互動對象的重要依據之一，如果網際網路上的使用者之間可以形成可靠的名聲評價，相信對整體的合作有很大的助益。名聲事實上是個複雜的社會概念，可以進一步區分成許多類型，對合作行為也有不同的影響；此外有了名聲之後，也衍生出名聲的假造與欺騙的議題，因此本研究將利用電腦模擬在反覆囚犯困局的架構下探討名聲的相關議題，希望透過這樣的方式可以讓我們對名聲在電腦世界的應用有更進一步的了解。

Going along with the prosperity of the Internet, there are more and more people interacting with each other through the Internet. And there are also more and more companies running business on the Internet. But because of the characteristics of the Internet, such as cross-territory and anonymity , both sides of the trading are at the risk of being cheated by their counterpart. So finding a way to preventing cheating behavior and promoting the cooperation of the trading parties is an important issue. In E-Commerce, the trading parties will interact with each other constantly to increase their own profit. They might cooperate with each other to reciprocate in the long run. But on the other hand, they might also want to exploit others to gain bigger short-term profit. The Prisoner’s Dilemma is a social model that captures the core of the above situation. The Prisoner’s Dilemma and its applications have been described in many domains including biology, economics, and political sciences. Therefore, it is a very suitable model to study computer agent-based cooperation. A good reputation estimation mechanism provides an effective way to promote cooperation. Reputation can be considered as an estimation of others’ behavior or will, and is thus an important reference for choosing partners. In fact, reputation is a complex social concept, and can be distinguished into many types. Moreover, using reputation can lead to a new problem of faking. In our research, we will use computer simulation to study reputation-related topics in the convention of Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma. And we hope our research will improve our understanding of applying reputation in the cyberspace to encourage virtual cooperation.