台灣地區機車使用者風險感認與駕駛行為關聯之研究

Abstract

國內機車相關交通事故頻繁，且與機車使用者之駕駛行為有高度關連；而使用者之駕駛行為與其對該行為之風險感認程度關係密切。回顧過去道路使用者風險感認相關文獻，多以汽車使用者為主要探討對象，且偏重於使用者風險感認程度影響因素之探討，對於駕駛人風險感認與駕駛行為間之關聯則著墨較少。因此本研究企圖瞭解台灣地區機車使用者對於駕駛機車及分項冒險性駕駛行為之風險感認程度，並發掘感認與行為其間關係，以作為未來政府相關單位制訂機車管理與駕駛教育之政策參考。 本研究根據Mathews等人（1986）提出之風險感認理論，並參考過去道路使用者風險感認相關研究，建立機車使用者風險感認研究架構與操作構面；依此架構發展衡量國內機車使用者風險感認程度之量表，以驗證本研究中潛在變數之間因果關係假設是否成立。本研究於民國92年3月對台灣北部地區共七個主要縣市之機車使用者進行量表施測，獲得最終有效問卷444份，並以敘述統計、多變量分析、線性結構方程式，以及羅吉特迴歸方程式等數量方法進行資料分析與統計檢定。 本研究結果顯示，國內機車使用者自認涉入交通事故之機率極低，然而駕駛人採取危險駕駛行為之頻率主要取決於其對該行為之風險感認程度；是以交通主管單位應透過學校安全教育、道路工程設計與道安講習等現有管道，設法提高機車使用者對於危險駕駛行為之風險認知。研究結果亦顯示，性別、年齡、機車後照鏡之裝設、汽車駕照的取得與否、事故經歷、駕駛經驗、冒險性駕駛行為頻率、個人刺激尋求傾向，以及對於自身駕駛能力的樂觀態度等不同的個人屬性，均會導致機車使用者對於整體機車駕駛與分項冒險性機車駕駛行為之風險態度有所差異，因此應針對屬性不同之機車使用族群施以不同之交通教育與宣導策略，例如轉移高刺激尋求族群追求刺激之慾望至其它正面性活動、針對高危險行為頻率族群之安全宣導應強調採行後之發生機率、確保所有騎士確實具有機車駕駛之能力，以及保險費率依加保人之駕駛行為記錄有所調整等。

Motorcyclists in Taiwan are significantly overrepresented among drivers involved in traffic accidents and fatalities, and the majority of motorcycle accidents are directly attributable to human factors. According to risk perception theory, risk-taking behavior is mediated by the level of perceived risk in the outcome of the behavior. To provide sufficient information of reference for the authorities to constitute road safety policy, this study is undertaken to explore the level of human recognition behind each risk-taking behavior and the relationship between these two dimensions. Based on the Mathews’ risk perception conceptual framework (1986) and other risk perception research, a risk perception model for the motorcyclists in Taiwan was developed, and a questionnaire was then designed to collect the required data for model calibration. The survey was conducted by interviewing the motorcyclists in seven counties in Northern Taiwan during March of 2003, and 444 effective samples were collected for empirical study in this research. The descriptive statistics, multivariate statistical analysis, linear structural equation model, and logistic regression model were employed in this study. T he study results indicate that motorcyclists in Taiwan consider the chance of being involved in traffic accidents to be rare, and the perceived risk of motorcyclist determines the frequency of risk-taking behavior. Further efforts should be aimed to enhance the motorcyclists’ perception about the potential danger of risk-taking behavior through training and driving instruction, road engineer construction, and traffic safety educational program under the supervision of the government. The results of this study also show that different genders, ages, exposure (driving miles per year), accident experiences, sensation-seeking desires, self-awareness of driving skills, and frequency of risk-taking behavior, are found to cause different level of perceived risk of motorcycling and respective risk-taking driving behavior. Different strategies should be applied to motorcyclists in terms of their various attitudes. For example, switching the focus on high sensation-seeking to healthful activities, emphasizing the likelihood of being involved in road accidents when taking risk behavior, ensuring all motorcyclists having the ability to ride safely, and adapting the insurance of motorcyclists according to their road behavioral records.