我國數位電視條件接取政策研究

Abstract

數位電視條件接取系統（CA, Conditional Access）為數位電視節目加值、收費的管制中樞。各國制訂CA政策目標及精神不外：一、建立在公平、合理、非歧視的基礎上；二、維持產業競爭機制；三、鼓勵創新及投資；四、保障消費者權益。比較參考各國CA政策（包括英國、美國、日本、新加坡、加拿大、德國、法國、澳洲、中國大陸等國），分析各類數位電視的CA標準技術， CA標準政策架構為：一、CA營運頭端採用符CA Simulcrypt標準，CA頭端可以同時使用多個CA系統技術，以保障CA頭端營運業者權益，及維持CA系統技術業者競爭機制。二、CA頭端營運業者、消費者端器材製造業者採用Multicrypt CA機制： CA頭端業者在公平、合理、非歧視的基礎下將技術（CA的 industrial IPR）授權給消費者端器材製造商，使設備製造商能得到多個CA技術授權以製造接收多個 CA的接收機；消費者可以省去購買多個不同CA接收機上的資源浪費。三、在數位電視機、機上盒消費者端器材製造上採用CA模組之分離式設計(CA模組與機上盒之間的分離式共通介面) ，以保障消費者所在公開市場購買數位電視機、機上盒，能以此共通介面CA模組接取選擇付費數位電視應用服務。本研究提出三項不同管理度CA標準政策候選方案：（1）市場完全開放政策；（2）制訂開放模組介面政策；（3）制訂SimulCrypt政策。透過訪談、公開座談會等與國內產政學研各界（包括廣播業者、接收設備製造商、政府與學術研究單位）意見溝通交流，分析評估研提適合我國國情可行方案。本研究建議制訂開放模組介面政策，並由政府主導成立產政學研各界所組成的工作小組，共同探討開放模組政策的範疇、時程、規範相關議題，以達到確保消費者權益，廣播業者與接收設備製造商能有公平競爭之環境發展，進而達到產業發展整體效益最大化目標。

Digital TV conditional access system is the core of the development for paid, and value-added digital programs. The goals of DTV conditional access standard policy are: 1. to establish fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory regulation foundation; 2. to support and maintain industry competition mechanism, 3. to reward early investment, and innovation; 4. to protect the consumer interest. In comparison of the CA policy and CA standards worldwide, including United Kingdom, United States, Japan, Singapore, Canada, German, etc, the general structures of CA standard policy are: 1. By adopting Simulcrypt CA standard at the head-end, a CA operator is open to utilize multiple Simulcrypt CA systems. It protects in the interest of the CA operators, and hence provide a competitive mechanism for CA technology providers. 2. CA operators and consumer electronics manufacturers are to adopt Multicrypt CA mechanism: the regulation should require that CA industrial IPRs are licensed to the DTV receiver/STB manufacturer on a fair, reasonable, non-discriminatory basis. It enables the consumer electronics manufacturers to produce DTV receivers/STB capable of decoding multiple CA used, and hence provides a cost effective product solution for consumers to receive multiple CA controlled DTV services. 3. DTV receiver, STB manufacturers to adopt a DTV CA common interface standard on the respective products to accept a separate CA module: It protects the consumers for the DTV receiver/STB acquired from retail market to allow independent selection of DTV services and further enhancement possibility. With the CA standard and policy considerations, 3 policy candidates are proposed: 1. Total open policy; 2. Separate access module via common interface policy; 3. Simulcrypt policy. Public discussion meetings, individual interviews were held with the representatives of the TV broadcasters, TV manufacturers, set-top-box manufacturers, cable operators, regulators, academia, and research institutions. This study concludes to recommend adoption of the Separate access module via common interface policy. It further recommended that under guidance of government, a committee is to be formed of representatives from industry, government, academia, research institutions and to work on the details of the implementation scope, schedule, and specification. On the verge to launch digital terrestrial TV broadcast in Taiwan, a CA standard policy in the consumer interest is to provide an environment for development of the industry and safeguard well being of the society.