中國大陸外商投資企業撤資之研究

Abstract

隨著國際金融危機從區域金融領域逐漸擴散到全球實體經濟運作，跨國公司在中國大陸FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)已經受到明顯影響。一方面，金融危機導致跨國公司資金鏈緊張，削弱了其持續擴張性投資能力；另一方面，各國提出的具有貿易保護主義色彩的金融危機的應對政策也限制了FDI的流動。中國大陸招商引資條件的轉變以及生產總成本的逐年增加也嚴重的降低了跨國公司在中國大陸的投資意願。 充裕廉價的勞動力資源是中國大陸吸引外商直接投資的一大優勢。然而，最近的一些宏觀經濟相關資料和多種跡象均表明中國大陸的勞動力成本正在快速上升，低勞動力成本優勢正在逐漸喪失，對利跨國企業產生巨大衝擊。為了規避較大的無形風險，一些跨國公司開始在中國大陸撤資。 本文關注金融危機之後的跨國公司撤資問題，通過撤資現況去研究跨國公司決定撤資的特點，分析撤資的原因和影響，最後從政府、企業等角度提出一些可行性的對策。

As the local territory financial crisis become global wide financial disaster, the overseas’ Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been affected serious. The global wide financial crisis has led to capital chain tension and seriously reduced these multinational enterprises continue invest ability. With trade protectionism policies have issued by some countries, they believe these trade protectionism policies can reduce their economic damage from international financial crisis, but such trade barriers also greatly restricted the flow of FDI. Moreover, the Mainland China reduce their incentives in overseas capital investment and the local manufacturing cost increasing have decrease overseas’ investment willingness in Mainland China. The low labor cost and sufficient manpower of Mainland China are the major reasons and advantages that attract multinational enterprises to do FDI, in order to increase their production volume and reduce unit cost. The fast growing economic and the highest GDP in the world in past decade let Mainland China loss their nation original advantage. Many manpower shift to service business. Direct labor cost increased very fast. Such changes gave investors very serious impact. To carry out their refocusing strategy and avoid greater invisible risks, multinational enterprises are divestment their capital from China. Special attention should be paid because it has done great harm to Mainland China’s economy. This article focuses on the multinational enterprises divestment from Mainland China after the 2008’s finance crisis; analyses the characteristics, the causes and effects of divestment. Finally, some feasible measures are proposed from the government, enterprise and some other angles of view.