鐵路異常事件對變電站負載之影響－以S鐵路公司為例

Abstract

電力成本對於「用電」的軌道運輸業者是一大負擔，在正常營運狀態下，若能透過時間電價、最佳契約容量的簽訂，則能降低整體之電費支出。但偶爾仍會發生異常事件，導致運轉不正常，造成電力需求異常、違反電力供給契約，必須面臨支付龐大超約附加費的窘境。 本研究透過異常事件的發生，利用異常事件列車運行圖計算列車耗能及變電站負載，分析軌道運輸業者用電量之變化，了解異常事件影響營運之程度，以及其對變電站負載之影響。研究結果顯示，“設備故障”類型異常事件影響變電站負載時間最久、程度最大，而發生時間在營運離峰時段之影響較大；若影響時間變長，則會產生遞延效應，影響將擴及其他變電站供電區間。 研究結果建議軌道運輸業者於規劃電力契約容量時預先考量異常事件所可能帶來之影響，以降低電費超約附加費之支出成本並避免沉重之電費負擔。藉由異常事件發生之機率或軟硬體設備維護之成本，以衡量總成本支出的最小化達到最小電力成本之目標，不僅降低營運成本損失，也減少基本電費的浪費。

The cost of electricity for the electric rail transport is a major burden, under normal operation, overall electric power cost can be reduced with time-of-use rates and optimal contract capacity. But abnormality still occurs occasionally and causes abnormal operation, resulting in abnormal demand for electricity, violation of the electricity supply contract, and huge surcharge payment. Through the occurrence of abnormal events, this study calculates the train energy consumption and substation load with the use of train operation diagram of abnormal events, and analyses the change of electricity use, to understand the impact to the operation as well as to the substation load. The results show that the "equipment failure" type of abnormal events has the longest and the most serious impact to the substation load, and bigger impact is made when the abnormality occurs in off-peak hours. If the influence time is longer, the deferred effect is caused and the impact will be extended to other substation power supply range. The findings suggest railway operators to consider the possible impact of abnormalities in advance when planning electricity contract capacity, in order to reduce the surcharge and avoid the heavy burden of electricity bill . Measure the minimized total cost and achieve the minimum cost of electricity by considering the probability of abnormality or soft/hardware maintenance costs, not only to reduce the loss of operation cost but also the waste of basic tariff.