構詞語序與語意範疇: 指示位移詞與移動動詞的互動關係

Abstract

本研究以整合詞彙語意與語序的移動事件概念基模為本，探討指示位移詞與移動動詞的互動關係。本文繼承劉美君教授及其團隊所提出的一個典型移動事件的認知架構，用以分析、解釋並對移動動詞内部隱含之語意進行分類。此架構提供從上而下探究移動動詞之認知基礎，我們也進一步從下至上檢視語料庫顯示之詞彙搭配關係是否與之配合。本研究藉由構詞語序與語意範疇分析中文移動動詞與指示位移詞的序列限制，藉以更加明瞭指示位移詞在移動事件中的語意特徵。 另外，追循Fillmore 和Atkins (1992)所提出的框架語意理論 (Frame Semantics)及Liu和Chiang (2008) 提出的「中文動詞語意網」之架構，本研究也對中文指示位移詞與移動動詞的關係進一步做階層性的分類。藉由觀察中文指示位移詞在實際語料中所呈現的認知概念基模、語法表現、及語意特徵等等，將其由上往下分入「主框架 (Archiframe)」、「首要框架 (Primary frame)」、以及「基本框架 (Basic frame)」之中。 綜合以上，本研究深入探討中文移動動詞與指示位移詞的互動關係，藉由移動事件之認知基礎以及語料庫顯示之詞彙搭配關係，進一步闡明指示位移詞在移動事件中的語意特徵。過去的研究並未對移動事件中不同位置的指示位移詞的語意多加著墨。本研究特別提出指示位移詞在不同的語序之中有不同的語意特徵，而不同位置的指示位移詞出現的語境也不盡相同。本研究的成果藉由語法位置與語意關係的互動，顯示語言形式與語意的搭配關係。

This paper explores the issues of the morphological sequence and semantic range of deictic referencing in motion events. Based on the Deictic-Incorporated Proto-Motion Event Schema in Mandarin proposed in Liu et al. (2012), we aim to provide a top-down analysis of the conceptual structure of motion with Deictics of Motion and a bottom-up examination of corpus-based collocations. By probing into the proto-motion event with Deictics of Motion, the study ultimately offers an account of the sequencing of Mandarin motion verbs with Deictics of Motion and the possible ranges of deictic meaning. The Deictics of Motion are also analyzed with a frame-based taxonomy, following the classificational scheme established in Liu and Chiang (2008) with an extendable hierarchy of semantic scopes: Archiframe > Primary frame > Basic frame > Microframe. Given the analysis above, we investigate the interaction between Mandarin motion verbs and Deictic of Motion. This study manifests the semantic features of Deictic of Motion by looking at the corpus-based collocations with conceptual structure of motion with Deictics of Motion. Since the semantic features of Deictic of Motion in different positions with motion verbs are not fully discussed in previous studies, we focus on the Deictic of Motion in different positions, namely Pre-Loc Deictic of Motion vs. Post-Loc Deictic of Motion. They show many distinctions in their semantic features and in contexts. Hopefully, this research will contribute to the correlation between form and meaning.