巴拿馬及台灣間國際海運物流配送關鍵因素

Abstract

摘要 近年來，配送物流逐漸受到重視，也使得製造商、貿易商、第三方物流公司與航運公司面對更大的挑戰。此外，國際配送物流極為複雜，使得產業之決策者尋找可幫助公司增加競爭優勢，並降低成本的合作夥伴也日益困難。本文之目的為尋找影響亞洲國家（台灣）與中美洲國家（巴拿馬）之間國際配送物流的關鍵因素。此外，本研究欲了解關鍵因素之重要程度、權重，並了解何種關鍵因素會影響國際配送物流之服務流程。

本研究採用層級分析法（AHP）以衡量利害關係人對於各個關鍵因素的看法。層級分析法為可處理質化、量化的方法，並了解關鍵因素的權重、重要程度。

實證結果顯示兩國家間的關鍵因素與其影響配送物流流程為以下所述：海關之通關管制影響配送順暢度、企業間之擾動影響訂單完成的效率、資訊不足以及溝通系統影響訂單正確性。此外，敏感度分析結果顯示完成顧客之訂單為增加顧客價值的關鍵因素。

ABSTRACT

Distribution logistics has gradually been increasing its importance around the globe over time, with this it has brought more challenges to sensitive business sectors such as; Manufacture, Trading, Third Party Logistics (3pls) and Shipping Lines companies. Moreover, it has become more difficult for the decision maker within these sectors to choose a reliable partner, who understand the companies’ needs, help them to gain competitive advantage and reduce cost. The aim of this paper is to find critical factors, which are affecting the global distribution process between an Asian-Pacific Country (Taiwan) and Central America Country (Panama), determining their respective level of importance, weighting and explore the objective which fit the level of service expected between the participants and their ranking level. This study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to measure the perception within the stakeholders. It is a powerful method that can deal with both qualitative and quantitative factors, which may affect the delivery or receiving procedure along the global distribution logistics process. The findings of this research point out the critical factors which are affecting the global distribution between the stakeholders of both countries, where the most critical factors were identify as: High customs clearance regulation impacting on time delivery; business disruption affecting order complete; poor information and communication system within order correctness, while in order to add value to their customer the most sensitive objective among the sectors was order complete.