以模擬統計實驗克服需求拉動供應鏈導入實務三大障礙

Abstract

雖然很多的學術論文證實拉式補貨策略較推式補貨策略在供應鏈上有更卓越的成效，在實務上也有很多的驗證案例，然而目前業界供應鏈管理者卻仍然普遍使用推式補貨策略作為日常的供補貨管理。當我們嘗試將拉式補貨策略介紹給一些業界人士使用時，遭遇到三大障礙：第一是管理者對拉式補貨策略缺乏認識，不了解其定義與策略，有時甚至認為他們已使用拉式補貨，但是實際上仍是推式補貨；第二是管理者仍然不相信拉式補貨優於推式補貨，特別是在需求變化大的時候；第三是供應鏈成員彼此常無法信任，僅期待他人改善現況，不知道供應鏈中任一環節的補貨策略都會影響其它的環節。以上三個原因使得拉式補貨仍未能被業者普遍使用，要克服上述三大原因，若能讓經理人經由實驗親身體驗需求拉動補貨解決方案的績效，可以增加經理人在供應鏈的管理中採用拉式補貨的信心，進而克服拉式補貨被使用的障礙。因此本研究使用一對一的兩階供應鏈模擬系統與一對多的三階供應鏈模擬系統，邀請實務經理人透過實驗參與使其能夠知道拉式運作方式，並了解到拉式補貨確實能比推式補貨可以得到較好的績效，供應鏈成員如皆能採拉式運作可以讓供應鏈得到最佳的績效。

Although pull replenishment strategy in the supply chain is verified that it is much effective than push replenishment strategy in many academic papers, the industry supply chain managers still use push complement strategy daily replenishment management. When we try to recommend pull replenishment strategy to managers, we encounter three major obstacles. The first is that managers lack the knowledge about pull replenishment strategies, they often use push replenishment as pull replenishment strategies. Second, managers still do not believe the push replenishment is much effective when the demand changes are huge especially. Finally, the members in the supply chain often can’t trust each other and only expect others to improve the current situation. They don’t realize that replenishment strategy of any member in the supply chain will affect the supply chain. The above three obstacles make the pull replenishment fail to be used extensively in practice. In order to overcome the above three obstacles, the managers need to use pull replacement in the experimental experience that makes them to realize the performance of pull replacement strategy and conduct it. Therefore, this study use a one-to-one/two-stage and a one-to-many/multi-stage supply chain simulation system. Managers are invited to realize the pull replenish and to know its advantages more than push replenishment, and all members adapting the pull replenishment can gain the best supply chain performance.