基於張拉整體結構探討動態性結構

Abstract

可動建築中大致可分為永久性建築與臨時性輕型構築，其中較常應用在臨時性建築的張拉整體(Tensegrity)結構發展非常有限，較多以巨型雕塑品或戶外空間公共藝術的方式存在，其輕量性(Lightness)與變化性(Morphing)的優勢少被應用，本研究針對其臨時性、可動性做深入探討，以張拉整體結構的連接方式及可動性為發想，提出多種結構型態在動態上的探討，並提出可模組化的優勢型態，預期未來可在建築皮層或臨時性輕型構築方面做應用。

本研究藉由探討張拉整體結構的組接方式，發展出最終型態的可動結構，符合其輕量性與變化性的優勢，發展出最佳化的型態。結構考慮張拉結構原本的自應力、自平衡性特點，深入討論變動性的活動範圍、活動向度，對動態結構所需的組構方式進行設計，改變原本變動範圍非常有限的張拉整體結構模式，使最後的型態能有全面性的型變或位移的可能。最後與記憶合金做結合，把張拉整體結構中具有伸縮性的繩索構造(cables)替換成記憶合金，觀察記憶合金在大形結構中的驅動狀況。

本研究發展的最後結構在型態上的變化，相較於張拉整體結構明顯增加許多，可動範圍增大，降低整體型態在變動時的破壞性。單一個體可在水平、垂直方向連續相接、無限連接，可依需求調整多寡，達到可模組化的功能。不同於張拉整體結構以往使用在巨型雕塑品，本文發展的型態具有高度柔軟性、可塑性佳，但欠缺自體支撐力，在應用上需要外力介入輔助支撐，例如吊掛、懸掛方式使用時需要固定在依附架構上，類似建築皮層的概念，藉由不同伸縮桿件的使用與感應器的結合，可做出比張拉整體結構在以往使用上更多元的表現方式，在控制型變上更加便利。

Kinetic architecture can be divided into permanent architecture and temporary light fabrication. Development of tensegrity architecture which often used in temporary architecture is very limited, and majority of the architecture was expressed by massive sculptures or outdoor public art. Its advantages of lightness and morphing are less applied to the architecture. Temporary and morphing are investigated in this study, which we make a variety of discussions in kinetic tensegrity architecture and made the best available module. Expected the module can be apply to architecture skin or temporary light fabrication in the future.

In the study we discuss different combination method. The final kinetic structure of the research has the advantages of lightness and morphing, in the end we made the best available module. The module has to consider the self-stress and self-balancing feature in tensegrity module, also consider the variability range of activities and motion vector. In the last chapter, The final kinetic structure combine with memory alloy, the parts of the stretchable cables of the final struture replace memory alloy, and observed that how the memory alloy drive in large kinectic structure system .

In this study, the morphing of final structure is more variable, broader moveable range than tensegrity architecture and reducing the deformation damage. A single structure can be combined infinitely with each other in horizontal or vertical, then modular function is achieved by different conditions. Different with the giant sculpture used in tensegrity architecture, our research is highly flexible and good at plasticity. Because it is short of self-supporting, structure applications need other outside-supporting as being fixed in attachment structure by hanging or suspension. Like concept of architecture skin, which by different usage of telescopic rod and sensor combination, it shows more diverse than traditional tensegrity architecture and more convenient in controlling deformation.