探討水果表面酵母菌菌株的分布及對抗真菌藥物的感受性

Abstract

為了解酵母菌在環境中的分佈，本論文針對68個水果檢體，分離出584株菌株，探討其菌種的分布以及對藥物的感受性。根據每個水果檢體從每種菌株各挑選出一株代表菌株，一共挑選了292株菌株。其中以Candida pulcherrima佔最多數，佔全體的6.5% (19/292)、其次依序為5.5% Candida guilliermondii (16/292)、5.5% Hanseniaspora uvarum (16/292)、5.1% Candida famata (15/292)、4.4% Hanseniaspora opuntiae (13/292)，以及其他59種菌種55.5% (162/292)和未知菌種之菌株17.5% (51/292)。接著，根據美國臨床實驗室國家標準委員會 (CLSI) 各菌株的最小抑制濃度 (MIC) 判定標準，測試了233株菌株的藥物感受性，其中有72株水果菌株對fluconazole有抗藥性，佔了30.9% (72/233)；有8株水果菌株對triadimenol有抗藥性，佔了3.4% (8/233)；有3株水果菌株對penconazole有抗藥性，佔了1.3% (3/233)；有4株水果菌株對amphotericin B有抗藥性，佔了1.7% (4/233)。其中Pichia kluyveri、Pichia fermentans以及Rhodotorula mucilaginosa菌種的菌株全部對於fluconazole皆具抗藥性。而同時對fluconazole以及triadimenol具有抗藥性的菌株共6株，包括Candida pulcherrima、Candida railenensis、Rhodotorula mucilaginosa、Rhodotorula glutinis、Candida tropicalis各1株以及1株無法確定菌種的菌株。而同時對fluconazole以及penconazole具有抗藥性的菌株則有Rhodosporidium paludigenum。此外，對fluconazole、triadimenol以及penconazole皆具抗藥性的，為一無法確定菌種的菌株。

To study yeasts from the environment, a collection of 584 isolates from 68 fruit samples. Then, I determined the distribution of their species and drug susceptibility. From each of the fruit sample, one isolate from every species was collected. Totally, there were 292 representative isolates in this study. Candida pulcherrima were the most frequently isolated species in this study, accounting for 6.5% of the total isolates (19/292), followed by 5.5% Candida guilliermondii (16/292), 5.5% Hanseniaspora uvarum (16/292), 5.1% Candida famata (15/292), 4.4% Hanseniaspora opuntiae (13/292). There were 55.5% other species (162/292) consisting of 57 species, and 17.5% non-determined isolates (51/292). Follwing the determination of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) according to the breakpoint of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), I studied 233 isolates further. Seventy-two (30.9%) of the fruit isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 8 (3.4%) of them were resistant to triadimenol, 3 (1.1%) of them were resistant to penconazole, and 4 (1.7%) of them were resistant to amphotericin B. All Pichia kluyveri、Pichia fermentans and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolates were resistant to fluconazole. There were 6 isolates cross-resistant to fluconazole and triadimenol, including C. tropicalis, C. pulcherrima, C. railenensis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, R. glutinis and 1 un-identified isolate. One R. paludigenum was cross-resistant to fluconazole and penconazole. And 1 un-identified isolate was cross-resistant to fluconazole, triadimenol and penconazole.