經驗於工地危害辨識能力影響之探討

Abstract

營造工地中潛藏著各式各樣危害，對相關人員的生命財產安全造成威脅，但往往可藉由確實的危害辨識，進而達到職災預防。營造業工地危害辨識能力仰賴經驗之累積，現今常用於工地危害辨識之查核表，便是經驗累積的一種，因此若能將無形的經驗轉換成有形的表現，相信可利於經驗之傳承，進而提高人員工地危害辨識之能力。 本研究將建置一潛藏各種危害情境之虛擬營造工地，並設計兩個實驗（經驗直覺危害辨識實驗、查核表危害辨識實驗）提供有實務經驗者與無實務經驗者進行危害辨識。藉由經驗直覺危害辨識實驗，分析經驗對於危害辨識能力之影響；藉由查核表危害辨識實驗，分析查核表對於不同經驗人員之輔助效益。實驗過程中全程使用眼動儀記錄受測者之眼動軌跡（眼睛搜尋路徑）、凝視時間、凝視位置、凝視次數等眼動資訊，以了解實務經驗不同之受測者於工地危害辨識上之差異。

There are many hidden hazards in construction sites which intimidate the lives and properties of related personnel. However, we can prevent the occupational accidents by credible hazard identification. The ability to identify site hazards relies on the accumulation of site experience. For example, the currently used checklist of identification of site hazards is the consequent of the experience accumulation. If the intangible experiences can be transformed into tangible expressions, we believed that the inheritance of experience is helpful to improve the ability of hazard identification of related personnel. In this study, we construct a visual construction sites and design two experiments (the experiment of empirical intuition of hazard identification and the experiment of hazard identification based on checklist) for both the experienced and inexperienced subjects to identify the hazards in construction sites. We analyze the influence of experience to hazard identification by the experiment of empirical intuition of hazard identification; we analyze the help of checklist to personnel with different levels of experience by the experiment of hazard identification based on checklist. In the whole experimental process, in order to find out the differences on the hazard identification of examinees with different levels of experience, we use the eye tractor to record the information of the examinees’ eye traces (the searching trace of the eyes), glazing periods, glazed positions, and the glazing frequencies.