數位移民的適應指南：不同數位程度者的電子書學習歷程

Abstract

隨著數位科技迅速的發展，數位移民和數位原生民之間的差距越加明顯。為了減少他們之間的數位落差，本研究以台灣的宗教型非營利組織中的數位移民為研究對象，因為他們在該類型的組織中佔超過半數，且正面臨組織電子化的過程。我們以慈濟組織所推行的靜思電子書做為研究案例，並透過脈絡調查法(contextual inquiry)以及Dreyfus的技能習得模型(Dreyfus model of skill acquisition)來檢視慈濟的數位移民學習靜思電子書的過程；此外，由於不同數位程度的數位移民學習數位工具的成效並不相同，我們依據靜思電子書使用者的電腦使用經驗將他們區分 為三種數位程度，並比較他們學習靜思電子書的過程。最後本研究提出數位移民學習的五階段過程以及在每一階段學習上的建議。

根據研究的結果與討論，以下是對於宗教型非營利組織推行電子化的建議： (1) 創造使用數位工具或服務的動機； (2) 開發數位平台供不同的數位工具使用；(3) 建立組織成員間的學習互助網絡。本研究結果期望能夠提供宗教型非營利組織在推行電子化的過程能夠有效地協助數位移民學習數位工具的方向。

As digital technology develops at a significant rate, the divide between digital immigrants and digital natives is more obvious. In order to reduce the divide, we focused on the digital immigrants of the religious nonprofit organizations in Taiwan since they account for over half of the religious nonprofit organizations and they are encountering the digitalization of their organizations. Therefore, we took the Tzu Chi e-reader as the case study, and used contextual inquiry and the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition for viewing the digital immigrant’s process of learning how to use the Tzu Chi e-reader from a holistic perspective. In addition, the performance in learning a digital tool differs between the digital immigrants with different digital skills. We divided the Tzu Chi e-reader users into three levels of digital skills according to their computer-using experience, and compared their learning process of the Tzu Chi e-reader. Finally, we proposed the five stages of the digital immigrant’s learning process and the recommendations in each stage.

According to the results and the discussion, here is the implication of digitalization for the religious organizations: (1) Create the motive of using the digital tool or services; (2) Develop the digital platform for the different digital tools; (3) Build the assistant net. The results of the study are expected to give the religious nonprofit organizations a strategy for promoting the digitalization work as well as assisting the digital immigrants in learning the digital tool.