智慧型行動裝置關鍵零組件之採購庫存管理改善研究–以行動裝置S公司為案例

Abstract

隨著科技日新月異地演進，現今智慧型行動裝置產業競爭劇烈，業者須戰戰兢兢地佈局產品規劃、全球市場、收購專利、維繫緊密產業供應鏈、資訊流、物流、資金流及鞏固業界策略聯盟等，唯有在一片紅海中加快腳步搶先坐大自身品牌影響力，不斷產品提升市占率，穩固獲利率，才能跳脫以降價及犧牲毛利率來換取市占率及營收數字的命運。 智慧型行動裝置業者在關鍵零組件的技術規劃、供應鏈與庫存管控也是相當重要的一環，由於產品機種銷售更迭快速，再加上關鍵零組件的製程及技術轉換過於頻繁，而所牽連地，便反映出關鍵零組件的供應鏈採購及庫存管理是需要隨時依照產品的銷售量做及時的決策，必須避免不適當的採購及庫存管理造成高額的呆料損失，以侵蝕企業獲利水準及業界競爭能力。有鑑於產品預測銷售量的不確定性對供應鏈運作所造成的干擾，本論文欲透過決策分析、限制理論及Demand Driven MRP (DDMRP)理論，探討智慧型行動裝置業者在面臨與雄厚資金的國際品牌大廠相互抗衡之白熱化競爭、產品銷售量不穩定及產品壽命週期短之產業特性，如何在有限的時間內且風險下，評估最佳庫存呆料解決決策方案，及將採購庫存管理達到最優化狀態，使最終成本被控制為最小化，包括採購時的價格及存貨成本，避免營運不當而堆積高單價之關鍵零組件的庫存呆料，減少沉重的庫存負擔，提高營運績效及有效的靈活運用現金流，以面對市場快速的變化，將資金用在刀口上，進而提升企業經營之整體競爭力與彈性。

With the advancement of technology in the evolution of smart mobile device industry is highly competitive nowadays, smart phone makers must cautiously layout product planning, global marketing , the acquisition of patents, to maintain tight industry supply chain, information flow, logistics, capital flow and consolidation of strategic alliances industry, only accelerate the pace in the Red Ocean and expand their brand influence, and constantly improve the market share of products, solid profitability, in order to escape from cutting selling prices and sacrificing gross profit margin in exchange for market share and revenue.

The technology planning, supply chain and inventory management of key components in smart mobile devices industry is a very critical part; the sales volumes of products changeup and down rapidly, together with the frequent technology migrations key components too, then it reflects the decisions related to supply chain, procurement and inventory management of key components are needed at any time in accordance with the sales of products in order to avoid improper procurement and inventory management resulting in high excess loss to erode corporate profitability and competitiveness. In view of the interference from uncertainty of product sales forecast to supply chain operations, this paper through theory of decision analysis, theory of constraints and Demand Driven MRP (DDMRP) theory to study the solution for assessing the optimal decision of inventory excess , and achieving the most optimize procurement management in limited time and certain risk while under the environment of strong competition with international capital brand makers, the instability of product sales and short product life cycle characteristics in the industry, in order to avoid the high-priced inventory excess of key components by improper operation, reduce the heavy burden of material inventory , improve operational performance and effective and flexible the use of cash flow to confront with rapid changes in the market, and thus enhance the overall competitiveness and flexibility of cooperation operations.