大溪聚賢慈惠堂信仰之研究

Abstract

桃園大溪在清領時期是淡水河系最上游的大漢溪河港，是國際貿易通商的重要轉運港口之一。本文係以桃園大溪聚賢慈惠堂為研究場域，文中首就大溪地區墾拓史、人文和民間信仰、新興教派信仰之概況予以介紹，藉以瞭解大溪地區的環境狀況。 聚賢慈惠堂成立於民國七十一年，主祀神為瑤池金母，其年度祭典儀式甚多，諸如禮斗法會儀式、分堂回總堂謁母儀式、大溪地區宗教文化祭儀式、堂慶儀式和眾仙佛聖誕祝壽儀式、恭祝瑤池金母聖誕儀式等。其中瑤池金母聖誕中元普施法會，為該堂之重要年度盛事；本文以專章論述並以儀式的展演過程做深度的探討，藉以了解中元普渡與母娘聖誕結合的儀式意義性。母娘以「救世」、「濟世」、「渡世」的宗旨，來渡化幽冥界中為國殉職的三軍將士、無主孤魂和超拔個人歷代祖先，使其在冥界的地位可提升。 經常性的叩問儀式，則深入探討濟公師父附身堂主後，為問事者進行的開示，並將濟公師父問事儀式過程透過展演的方式，藉以瞭解叩問儀式在聚賢慈惠堂與問事者的互動下，如何完成儀式的運作，滿足問事者的心靈需要。另訪談來堂問事者，就其問事項目，濟公師父給予的開示如何及問事者信仰經驗的看法。鑒於靈驗與否是比較主觀的問題，本文論述不以靈驗為主，而是問事之經驗，以心靈療法來分析叩問儀式存在的庶民社會價值，和社會文化的功能。 本文最後將瑤池金母聖誕中元普施法會的社會整合性、信徒身分的轉換、擬親的社會宗教制度和儀式對於庶民社會的道德功能予以分析闡述。

In Ching Dynasty, Daxi at Taoyuan is the most upper harbor of Da-Han Stream which belongs to Tamsui River system; it is also one of the most important transit ports for international trade and business. At that time, agricultural products, daily consumer goods, tea, camphor oil, etc. in the area of Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli were transported via Da-Han Stream. Therefore, Daxi had become one commercial center for tea, camphor and wood.

This thesis is mainly to study Ju Xian Chi Hui Temple located in Daxi. It describes the history about how to open new land for farming and also introduces the general situation about culture, economy, traditional folk belief and newly-risen sect belief to make people learn and recognize the environment in Daxi.

Ju Xian Chi Hui Temple was set up in 1982, what to be worshipped is the goddess – Yao Chih Chin Mu. There are many annual ceremonies of offering sacrifices served by Chi Hui Temple such as dipper worship, religious culture ritual, birthday celebration, etc. In these ceremonies, the birthday celebration of Yao Chih Chin Mu with Mid-July Ghost Festival is one of the most important events every year. This event is especially discussed in the thesis and also deeply investigated by the procedures of ritual development and performance. With the discussion and investigation, people can understand the combination of the Mother goddess, birthday and Mid-July Ghost Festival. The Mother goddess follows the purposes of saving the world, benefiting the world and rescuing the world, so she appeases spirits including homeless spirits and the armed forces who died for country; she also raises the individual and ancestor souls from suffering in the next world, this is to promote their positions in Hades.

The routine inquiry ceremony is to deeply investigate that how the Master of Ji Gong instructs and inspires the inquirers after he has attached to the Master of the Temple. The whole procedure is displayed and performed to show how the Master of Ji Gong completes and operates the ceremony to satisfy the inquirer, spiritual need under the interaction between Ju Xian Chi Hui Temple and the inquirer.

In the last of the thesis, it gives detailed explanation and analysis on the integration between the society and the birthday celebration ceremony of Yao Chih Chin Mu with Mid-July Ghost Festival, in addition to the transfer of the believers, position and the ceremony function offered to common people. The inquiry ceremony is to visit and talk to the inquirers to learn their opinions on the instruction provided by the Master of Ji Gong and ask whether the instruction gets unbelievable accuracy or not. As the accuracy issue is more subjective, this thesis puts emphasis on the inquirers, experience instead of accuracy. And, it takes spiritual cure to analyze social value and cultural function created by the existing of inquiry ceremony.