勞工集體協商力量發揮之影响 - 以美國碼頭工會ILWU合約為例

Abstract

企業經營中如何以和諧的勞資關係帶動企業的成長是企業經理人關切的話題。而當勞資關係進入了法律上所保障的對立狀態，則開始了一場勞資雙方談判力對決的遊戲。談判力的累積或運用因人而異，本文嘗試以美國西岸碼頭工人的集體協商合約結果為例，觀察其在美國法律保障下，發揮集體協商談判力所得結果， 對產業所帶來的影响，也提醒企業經理人如何在管理上維持良好的勞資關係，營造勞資雙方共同為企業發展的氣氛，減少對立，更進一步減少進入集體協商後所可能帶來的損失。

Industrial Relations is one of the critical concerns that management focus in business administration. When both sides (management and labor) enter into a confronting position which is protected by law, it would trigger a game of negotiation power. How to accumulate or utilize negotiation power depends on situation. This thesis is trying to study the collective bargaining result made by ILWU, the powerful union in the west coast of United States, and observe how the collective bargaining result impact the industry. In the meantime, this thesis reminds management to maintain fair industrial relations and lead employees toward the direction of striving for the future of company instead of confronting atmosphere and to further reduce the chance of economic loss derived from collective bargaining.