2D與3D導航定位地圖對駕駛績效及心智負荷影響之評估

Abstract

電子地圖對駕駛者而言是很有效的導航工具，因為它提供紙張地圖無法獲致的豐富資訊和增加駕駛的感受，例如面對多向轉角街道時能即時定位車輛駕駛者的方向和位置，當導航定位地圖能夠讓駕駛者清楚判斷和容易理解時，則車輛行駛過程中可獲得較佳的駕駛績效並可降低心智負荷壓力的到達目的地，而當今輔助功能的車輛導航地圖顯示以2D或3D視角呈現與車輛行駛時所面臨複雜道路交岔路口時可能影響駕駛者對道路的判斷且增加心智負荷程度。本研究以模擬實驗方式比較車輛駕駛者行駛於不同複雜程度道路型態時以電子導航定位功能地圖輔助及模擬紙張地圖之方式探討駕駛者的尋路績效、心智負荷及自我感受程度，利用抬頭顯示方式呈現2D、高角度3D及低角度3D電子導航定位地圖投射於車輛擋風玻璃並連結不同複雜程度道路型態組合成的駕駛情境，探討車輛駕駛者面對不熟悉的道路環境下利用電子導航定位地圖功能的輔助完成尋路作業的績效、心智負荷程度，並藉由主觀評量的輔助評估其駕駛感受之差異性。研究結果顯示使用導航定位地圖其駕駛績效、心智負荷及主觀感受上均優於使用需自我判斷之紙張地圖，另比較導航定位地圖結果不論行駛於規則或不規則性道路時顯示使用2D地圖介面優於使用3D地圖介面。亦即，駕駛者行駛在不熟悉道路環境中使用2D導航地圖的輔助可有效縮短到達目的地時間及節省燃料能源等功能。本研究結果將可協助車用電子設計人員針對車輛導航地圖應用於人機介面設計時之參考和運用

Electronic maps are powerful navigational tools because of the rich information they supply. They can provide an enhanced driving experience through features that are unavailable in paper maps, such as multiple street angles and real-time indications of driver position and orientation, when a navigation map is easily understood and the routes are clear to the driver, the driver will exhibit high performance and lower mental workload and arrive at the destination faster. Modern electronic maps are presented in either two or three dimensions, dimensionality and viewing angle may affect ease of navigation and hence the driver’s mental workload and the effect may differ depending on the road pattern. This study compares the driving performance, mental workload, and subjective feeling of drivers navigating different road patterns using different types of electronic and paper maps. A heads-up display was used to show the different driving conditions for each of the navigation map systems. We use a virtual reality tool to study the effects of performance about duration time, distance, and average speed with different map dimensions and road pattern about navigation location system while driving in a new environment. Results revealed that the drivers using an electronic navigation location map performed better compared to the drivers using a paper map. The results also indicated that drivers who used 2D-regular pattern or 2D-irregular corner maps performed more efficiently than the drivers who used a 3D-regular pattern or 3D-irregular corner maps in reaching their destinations. In addition, drivers can reduced mental workloads and save time and fuel by using 2D navigation maps in unfamiliar regions.