主控制室運轉人員心智負荷量測方法之發展

Abstract

近年來因為電腦的快速發展，使得核能運轉系統的控制方式進入了先進型主控制室 (Advanced Control Room)的時代，利用電腦設計全自動或是半自動的控制系統幫助運轉員控制核能運轉系統的運作。因此先進型主控制室之控制系統介面系統之設計是否合乎人因規範的要求將影響到運轉員利用控制介面進行作業時其作業績效的好壞以及運轉系統之安全。 本研究之執行將利用運轉員在操作控制介面時所感受到之心智負荷程度來評估先進型主控制室設計之優劣，但傳統的受試者主觀評比法如NASA-TLX及SWAT的量測向度並非針對先進型主控制室操作人員心智負荷量測而訂定的，因此發展一個合適的心智負荷量表絕對有其必要性。 本研究先從核能運轉系統主控制室運轉員操作控制介面之作業著手，利用時間序列分析法得到運轉員之作業分析結果，再輔以Wickens (1992)所提出之人類資訊處理模型的理論，以得到運轉員之認知作業分析結果 (Cognitive task Analysis)。接著對各個心智負荷測量方法加以研究及評估，以找出本研究之心智負荷測量方法的發展方向，並用以發展、修訂出適用於評量運轉員利用先進型核能運轉系統主控制室之控制介面進行監控、操作作業時所感受到之心智負荷程度之心智負荷測量方法。在利用兩種不同設計之模擬控制介面進行實驗後証實此一心智負荷測量方法具有信度、敏感度以及效度之特性。此一心智負荷量測方法適用於量測先進型主控制室中運轉員之心智負荷程度並可用以評量介面設計之優劣。

Due to the great advancement on computer technology in recent years, the operation methods of Nuclear Power System have entered the Advanced Control Room era. Using comupter to design automatic or semi-automatic control system in order to help operators controlling nuclear power system. Whether the interface design of the control system coincide with the human factors regulations will affect operators task performance and system safety. The excution of this study will use the mental workload degrees of operators to evaluate the congruence of advanced control room interface design. But the traditional subjective rating methods (eg. NASA-TLX, SWAT) are not made to measure the mental workload of operators in advanced control room, thus developing a adequate mental workload measurement is definitely necessary. This study will start from the operators' tasks using system control interface in advanced control room, using time-line analysis to write the operators' task analysis report. Next, to write the cognitive task analysis report by human information theory (Wickens, 1992). Then to study and evaluate every mental workload measurements in order to find the developing direction of the mental workload measurement in this study. Following the direction, developing and modifying the mental workload measurement which is adequate to evaluate opatators' mental workload in advanced control room. After experimenting with two different kinds of simulate interfaces, the result showed that this mental workload measurement had reliability, validity and sensibility. This mental workload measurement is adequate to evaluate operators' mental workload in advanced control room and can be used to evaluate the congruence of advanced control room interface design.