主控制室運轉人員情境知覺量測方法之發展

Abstract

先進型主控室乃是一複雜動態系統。Endsley研究指出，在複雜動態系統有88%的意外來自於情境知覺的不完全。因此在介面的設計與驗證確認，確保情境知覺的提升是一重要的議題。 情境知覺的測量方法有生理測量、績效評估、客觀問答及問卷測量。Endsley發展的SAGAT(情境知覺全面評估法)已被普遍使用。然而SAGAT缺乏量化的程序，也無法量測出情境知覺的分佈情形，目前也沒有適用於核電廠主控室之情境知覺量測法。 本研究所發展的情境知覺量測法乃是延伸SAGAT的中斷法及畫面凍結技術，配合觀察者評量的方法，發展出一量化的評量方法，在評量過程考慮主控室人員的作業特性，希望能更深入地測出主控室運轉員的情境知覺程度及其在介面上的分佈情形。 經由實驗驗證符合人因工程與不符合人因工程二介面之情境知覺，發現第一級情境知覺、第二級情境知覺及作業前後的情境知覺皆有差異，並與績效(時間、錯誤次數)呈一致。此外，經由觀察發現造成二介面情境知覺差異的主因在元件的群組、呈現方式及排列方式。結果顯示本研究發展之情境知覺量測法具有足夠的信度及敏感度。

The advanced control room is a complex, dynamic system. In recent reviews of complex-dynamic system, 88% of those were resulted from the incomplete situation awareness. Ensuring the improvement of situation awareness is a important issue in the interface design and V&V stages. The measurements of situation awareness include physiological measurements, performance measurements, subjective techniques, and questionnaires. SAGAT (situation awareness global assessment technique) developed by Endsly had been used extensively. But SAGAT lack a quantification procedure and can't be used to measure the distribution of SA. The situation awareness measurement in this study extends from SAGAT 's freeze technique and interrupting, subjective observer-rating to a quantitative method. Considering the task property of operators in control room, we can measure the degree and distribution of SA. After experiment verifying by two interface, result show that: level 1 SA, level 2 SA, and prior-, rear-task SA show significant difference, and the result considers performance. By observing, the main factors affect SA are grouping representing, and sorting. Results show that the situation awareness measurement has enough validity and sensibility.