考慮碳排成本的二階車輛路線規劃問題之研究

Abstract

近年來，電子商務之盛行提升了物流配送之需求及所需服務顧客之範圍，各企業無不開始思考如何有效整合其有限資源(如：成本、車隊)以滿足顧客需求，車輛路線規劃問題油然而生，並衍生各式相關應用類型。此外，鑒於溫室效應所導致之環境衝擊日益嚴重，世界各國在發展經濟之際開始將溫室氣體排放量納入考量，如建立碳交易平台及課徵碳稅，期望藉此減少碳排放量。 過去車輛路線規劃問題多著重於單一階層、單場站及單車種之研究，然而實務上因地形或成本預算等之考量，許多物流業者同時利用載貨量大但機動性較低之大型車搭配機動性較大但載貨量低之小型車。即在將貨物送達終端顧客前，大車將進入不同地點之場站將貨物分配至各小車，小車再進行第二階段車輛路線規劃以最佳化路徑進行配送。因此，本研究欲探討二階層車輛路線規劃問題，且加入時窗限制以符合實務，同時結合綠色供應鏈，將碳交易概念放入研究模式，以供未來政府採取碳排放量管制時之相關單位參考。 研究最後以線上車輛路線規劃問題之題庫範例加以修改進行求解，並藉由不同情境與範例對照，比較當考慮環境影響因素及顧客時窗限制下之二階層車輛路線規劃問題與未考慮時之總成本差異。

Over the past few years, the E-Commerce boom has increased the demand for logistics and helps broaden a company’s customer base. Therefore, companies have started to consider how to efficiently integrate their limited resources while meeting the customers’ demand. Because of this, the Vehicle Rouging Problem (VRP) has been widely studied recently. Furthermore, due to the environmental impacts of greenhouse gas emissions, many countries now take the greenhouse effect into consideration when developing economics. Although there are a lot of papers about VRP, very few of them mentioned the two-echelon VRP. Instead, they focused more on a single echelon, as well as single depot and homogeneous fleet when it comes to VRP. However, logistics companies would practically have a heterogeneous fleet and multiple depots. These companies normally use trucks to carry more goods before entering different depots. Shortly after they arrive, the goods would be allocated to several smaller cargo trucks and do the second echelon vehicle routing. As a result, the objective of this study was to propose a two-echelon VRP model with time windows, as well as the consideration of carbon emissions. This study also refers to an online VRP database as examples and extends two scenarios. One scenario is designed to compare the difference of total cost between two-echelon VRP with and without consideration of carbon emissions; the other is to compare the cost difference when there’s no time windows restriction.