新手駕駛與經驗駕駛風險感知差異分析

Abstract

近年國內交通安全與駕駛訓練等議題，備受關注。我國與其他國家駕訓制度，對於風險感知與情境察覺相關技巧之課程內容與訓練程度，仍有所差異且不盡完整。 本研究設計一風險感知測驗，以分析不同駕駛經驗之駕駛人，對道路風險因子感知表現不良之位置或事件。將風險因子分為兩個階層：潛在可能出現風險之風險位置與實際出現風險之風險事件；將道路分為路段與路口，並將路段與路口相關特性加以分類，以便將風險位置與風險事件分類分析。駕駛人風險感知表現，以感知比率與感知時間作為衡量因子，分析駕駛人是否容易忽略風險因子、或是需要較多時間方能感知風險因子。由上述之分類與衡量因子擬定假說檢定，以統計檢定探討受測者間風險感知表現，是否具有顯著差異，最後根據檢定結果整理、推論不同經驗駕駛人風險感知表現差異與具有差異之風險位置與風險事件。 風險感知測驗，以臺灣各地行車影像紀錄器影片，經過剪輯後作為測驗素材；以自行設計影片畫面點擊記錄程式，作為測驗程式。測驗影片撥放時，受測者點擊潛在可能出現風險之位置與實際出現之風險事件，程式自動記錄點擊時間與位置。完成測驗後，依前述分類整理點擊次數與時間、進行相關分析檢定。 分析結果顯示，經驗不足之駕駛人，對於路段上臨時停車、道路縮減、變換車道等風險位置；前車煞車、機車鑽行、行人侵入等風險事件；號誌化之路口、巷弄、非號誌化路口與巷弄等路口風險位置；發生於路口之對向車道待轉、橫交車道匯入、轉彎時，行人穿越道之行人自行車等風險事件等，感知表現較經驗駕駛人差。

In these year, traffic safety and driver training has become a popular issue in Taiwan. However, compare with other countries, there are less training in situation awareness and hazard perception skill in Taiwan's driving training course. We designed a hazard perceptive test in order to find out whether there are any differences in hazard perception performance in drivers with different driving experiencs while facing different hazard factors. In this thesis, we separate hazard factors into hazard position and hazard event. We define hazard event as the pedestrian, bike, scooter, car which might be harmful for the safety while driving on the road; hazard position was defined as the position where hazard event might emerge. Considered the geometrical characteristic of road, we separate the road into segment and intersection. We used perception rate and perception time to measure driver perception performance. By combing these factors, we list 8 hypothesizes to find out the difference in hazard perception performance between novice driver and experienced driver. Materials of the hazard perception test were a few edited film clips from various dashboard camera in Taiwan. The program of hazard perception test was an self-designed program which could record the time code and coordinate automatically while tester clicks the screen. In the hazard perception test, tester was told to click the screen while they percept the hazard event or the position which the hazard event might show up. After the test, the test program would gather the time code and coordinate in each click. With these data, we could keep working on follow-up analyses. The result shows that novice driver has worse hazard perception performance while facing the temporary street parking, road merging, using the rear-view mirror while turning, the vehicle in front brakes, scooter overtaking, pedestrian crossing the road, signalized intersection, signalized intersection, inconspicuous alleys, vehicle waiting for left turn at opposite lane, vehicle converging toward into front lane from cross lane, pedestrian walking on the crosswalk while turning, and etc.