訊息驅動的粒子能量學與馬克斯妖效率

Abstract

在著名的熱力學假想實驗"Szilard engine"，描述著一個等溫的循環中，在經過一次循環後我們將可以獲得一個"+kbTln2"的正功，但是此舉動明顯違反熱力學第二定律。熱力學第二定律指出，在只有一個熱庫情況下的等溫循環中，我們將不會獲得任何正功，否則將會有第二類永動機的產生。那麼，難道Szilard engine是所謂的第二類永動機嗎?其實不是的，在實驗與模擬的過程當中我們將引入Information量來解決這個矛盾，並且讓information可以轉換成為free energy。 在本篇論文中，我們將從information量轉換成能量的效率著手，利用Sagawa與Toyabe實驗的想法，透過模擬的方式同樣製造出Szilard-type engine，並計算此engine information-to-energy的效率將會是如何。而因為環境與實驗架設因素的關係，Information量轉換成free energy的效率無法達到100%，我們將試著改變環境的參數，製造出不同情況下，效率將會如何改變。

關鍵詞:妖、information、Sagawa、效率

In the famous physical thought experiment "Szilard engine",Szilard demonstrated how we can obtain a positive work "+kbTln2" during an isothermal cycle, which apparently violatethe second law of thermodynamics.This law declared that it is impossible to produce work during a cyclic process connected to a single heat reservoir.Unless we would have a Perpetual motion machine of the second kind.Thus,is the Szilard engine the Perpetual motion machine of the second kind? Well it is not.During the experiment and the simulation, we will introduce the information contents to solve this paradox, which will convert the information contents into free energy. In this thesis,we will start from studying the information-to-energy efficiency discussed in Sagawa and Toyabe's experiment. Then, by using simulation, we will construct the Szilard-type engine and calculate the information-to-energy efficiency. Because of the environment and the construction, the efficiency of our setup will not reach100%.We will change the parameters of the environment to see how large the efficiency can reach.

Keywords:demon、information、Sagawa、efficiency