非平衡能量轉換效率與馬克斯妖

Abstract

此論文引用Kullback-Leibler divergence概念將自由能定義由平衡態系統延伸到非平衡態系統，並計算環境改變給予系統的作功量，以及作功過程的耗散量，來理解非平衡態下的能量轉換效率。在類似於膠體旋轉與F1生物馬達的位能場下，我們透過數值模擬來量化分析該效率，並討論F1生物馬達運作原理與Maxwell demon的關係。

In this thesis, we introduce the idea of Kullback-Leibler divergence to extend the concept of free energy from equilibrium to non-equilibrium systems. We calculate the amount of work done on the system given by the environment and dissipation during the process to understand the efficiency of energy transduction in non-equilibrium systems. In the potential fields similar to a colloidal and F1-motor, we carry out numerical simulations to quantify and analyze this efficiency. Additionally we discuss the relation between the F1-motor and Maxwell demon.