使用智慧型手機建立行人區電子地圖

Abstract

電子地圖在極為廣泛的應用中扮演重要角色，例如：數位導航系統、網路地圖服務、電子商務、社群網路、教育等等。地圖的表現方式也很多，從建築物入口處貼的疏散避難圖，到功能強大的網路地圖服務。地圖可以依顯示的區域，即行人區／車用區、室／內外地圖，而有不同的分類，其差異受地圖顯示的區域、應用的方法和科技的不同而有所影響。雖然電子地圖的使用範圍很廣，室內地圖依然還有一段路要走。地圖於室內環境並沒有可依循的清楚標準或足以領頭的供應商，本研究有很大的機會可以改善創新。另一個造成電子地圖使用量增加的重要因素為智慧型手機的普及及其配有的各種感測器如加速器、磁力儀、陀螺儀等等。為使室內地圖更廣泛的被使用，本研究提出一種新的方法──用智慧型手機為主要工具來產生行人區的地圖。我們使用基於航位推測法的區域追蹤系統，搭配智慧型手機上裝配的加速器及磁力儀收集到的相關資料來達到此目的：加速器的資料用來計算使用者的位移，磁力儀的資料用來計算使用者前進的方向，接著用區域追蹤系統記錄所有使用者手持智慧型手機走過的路徑，最後由使用者增加途中的地標，讓使用者經過的區域有意義地呈現在手機上。目前研究運行的方式為在所求的設定下蒐集加速器以及磁力儀資料，再完整地分析其中的資訊來辨識所得結果的特徵和潛在問題。綜上所述即為一種能夠準確測量位移與前進方向的演算法。

Digital maps play an increasingly important role in a wide range of applications such as digital navigation systems, web mapping services, e-commerce, social media, education and several others. Similarly, representations of maps can vary from simple printed evacuation maps at the entrance of buildings to powerful web mapping services. Maps can be classified depending on the zones they represent, i.e., pedestrian zones or car zones, indoor maps or outdoor maps. This distinction is relevant due to the fact that different methodologies and technologies are employed depending on the zones these maps represent. Despite the wide adoption of digital maps, indoor mapping still represent a significant gap. With no clear standards or leading providers for indoor environments, it is a big opportunity for innovation that is taken as motivation for this research. Another important factor to the increasing adoption of digital maps is the wide usage of smartphones, equipped with a variety of sensors such as accelerometer, magnetometer, gyroscope and others. In order to contribute to a faster adoption of indoor maps, this research propose a new methodology to create digital maps for pedestrian areas using smartphones as the main tool for this purpose. To achieve this goal we start by implementing a localization and tracking system based on the dead reckoning process and employing the accelerometer and magnetometer embedded in the smartphone to collect the required data. Accelerometer data is used to calculate the displacement of the user whereas magnetometer data is used to calculate the heading direction. Employing this localization and tracking system we then record all the paths walked by the user while holding the phone. Finally we enable the user to add relevant points of interest throughout its walk, completing with this a meaningful representation of the area visited by the user. The current research was conducted by collecting accelerometer and magnetometer data under the desired settings, followed by a thorough analysis of this information in order to identify traits and potential issues. As a result an algorithm was developed, capable of accurately measure displacement and heading direction.