資料包絡法評估亞太地區貨櫃港埠競爭力之研究

Abstract

近年來大陸地區港埠迅速崛起，使得亞洲太平洋地區的港埠競爭激烈，且船舶大型化發展，貨櫃航商運能增加使得航商選擇營運中心之決策影響貨櫃港埠的發展。若港埠能具備吸引航商的優勢條件，相較於其他港埠更具競爭力，必能吸引航商前往灣靠成為區域轉運中心。航運市場變遷快速，競爭優勢與地位並非全然無法改變，要維持或提升競爭力就需要進行港埠競爭力評估，隨時掌握競爭優勢與地位的變化。 本研究採用資料包絡法進行競爭力評估研究，運用CCR、BCC模式求得亞太地區港埠的相對生產效率，以相對生產效率表現各港埠的競爭力，瞭解各港埠相對的競爭地位，並利用規模效率分析、規模報酬分析、差額變數分析與虛擬乘數分析探討相對生產效率低的導因及改善方向。此外，本研究更採用2001-2003年資料，運用Malmquist生產力指數進行競爭力變動分析，分析跨期相對生產效率、相對技術效率及相對生產力的變動，瞭解各港埠相對競爭力是否增長，最後進行發展趨勢分析，提供作為港埠管理者制定改善營運策略之參考。 模式結果顯示大陸地區的上海港與青島港為最具相對競爭力的港埠，其餘港埠在投入資源使用、產出水準及生產規模上皆有改善空間。我國高雄港已具備轉運中心的實力，發展也趨於穩定，未來應朝向提升自身競爭力與加強競爭優勢條件的方向前進。

With the growing shipping capacity and the increasing capacity of container carriers who chose the centre of the Operations Center affected the developments of the Container-Ports, and the rapid increase of China Container-Ports also made the Asia Pacific Ocean Region ports competitiveness more dramatically. If the ports could attract others carriers with better conditions, the port itself would become the region hub. Although the Market Contestability changes fast, it doesn’t mean the competitiveness and position won’t change. In order to maintain or enhance the competitiveness of the port, the evaluation of competitiveness must be executive carefully. This research adopts the Data Envelopment Analysis to value the competitiveness, with CCR, BCC models to account for the relative efficiency of Asia- Pacific Region and with the scale efficiency, scale analysis, slack analysis and multiplier analysis to confer the efficiency of relation’s cause and modifications. Besides, the research refer to the data in year 2001 to 2003, whith the Malmquist productivity index to analyze the intertemporal relative-efficiency, the intertemporal technical- efficiency and the productivity changes to evaluate weather each ports competitiveness would increase. At least, the research account for the Trend Analysis to provide the management of the operation strategy. The model refer to Shanghai Port and Qingdao Port equipped the competitiveness compare to other ports which need more modifications of resource investment, output level and scale. Kaoshiung in Taiwan, in the other hand, is also equipped to be the hub center with the stable development by promoting its competitiveness and the advantages in the future.