可用於自動蒐集開放網路內容之著作權授權表達法

Abstract

網路圖書館在近幾年日益重要，而自由內容或開放內容這類概念的出現，也深深影響了網路圖書館典藏內容的豐富程度。但是著作權問題一直是成功建立網路圖書館的一個重要議題。實際上，如何合法而有效率地在網路上收集館藏是網路圖書館管理者的一項挑戰。雖然使用軟體機器人在網路上自動蒐集館藏是一種有效率的作法，但因為軟體機器人通常無法正確地自動判讀在網路上所蒐集的作品其著作權授權範圍為何，故使用該機器人之網路圖書館管理者在散佈或重製蒐集回來的作品時，會有潛藏的侵害著作權風險。因此，建立一種授權表達機制，一方面可以被作者用來充分表達著作權授權的範圍，一方面又可以自動地被軟體機器人判讀，是一項合理的解決方案。 本文試圖提出二種可以達到上述要求的授權表示方式：其中第一種是改良CC授權，稱為CCFE，另外一種則是Robots標籤（Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags）的擴充版。CCFE可以很輕易地使可被機器人自動判讀的授權資訊與任何格式的檔案連結在一起。另一方面，經由擴充部分的標籤以後，Robots標籤也可以負擔起表達著作權授權範圍的工作。

Internet libraries have been gradually popular in recent years. The appearances of “Free Content” and “Open Content” actually affect the amounts of Internet libraries materials. However, copyright is one of the most important issues of construction of a successful Internet library. In fact, how to legally collecting works in an economic way is a great challenge for librarians. Launching software robots to automatically acquire works on the Internet is efficient but with high potential legal risks, because the robots can not automatically comprehend the real copyright authorization scope. As a result, the libraries distribute or reproduce the collected works may infringe the copyrights of authors. To solve this problem, an ideal solution is designing a scheme which can be identified by software robots and can be used to fully express copyright authorization scope. In this thesis, we propose two mechanisms which both fulfill the two requirements above: one is an expansion of the Creative Commons license, the CCFE, and another is a revised edition of the Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags. The CCFE can reduce one of the main disadvantages of the original CC: machine-readable metadata can not be easily embedded in digital files. In addition, with some extra commands and tags, the Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags can also be used to express copyright authorization scope as well.