產業群聚與企業經營模式關聯性之探討—以臺灣精密機械產業為例

Abstract

「產業群聚」是指一群在同一地域中公司處於相同產業的經濟活動、或某一特定領域□有交互關聯之企業與相關法人機構，彼此間以共通性或互補性相互連結。產業群聚可從單一城市、整個州、一個國家、甚至到一些鄰近國家或跨洲所連結成之產業網絡。多數產業群聚內之企業並不直接競爭，彼此有自己要服務之商業區隔，但它們仍有諸多共同的需求和商機，面對企業經營模式上也有諸多的限制與障礙。近年來中國大陸、東南亞、臺灣等國家各產業群聚蓬勃發展，對亞洲整體經濟發展將有實質影響。台灣企業因環境因素、上下供應鏈、便於服務客戶與勞動市場等因素，紛紛到大陸/海外投資設廠以解決經營上的困境。而且大陸地區已蔚為世界生產製造中心之趨勢，往後將會有更多企業前往大陸地區投資設廠，所以在慎選設廠位址上更顯得重要。本研究之目的在探討產業群聚與企業經營模式關聯性之探討。本研究以臺灣精密機械相關產業為例，透過專家訪問法、因素分析（factor analysis）與規則相關分析，並利用Hamel (2000)所提之經營模式理論為基礎，以探索性研究方法來探討產業選擇群聚、產業形成原因與企業經營模式之關聯性。 研究結果發現：(1)選擇群聚時以「衛星工廠支援性」變項為第一優先考量；(2)產業群聚形成以「群聚可享協力廠商便利」變項為第一優先考量；(3)企業經營模式以「提升物料供應便利性程度」變項為第一優先考量；(4)產業選擇群聚構面與企業經營模式構面呈顯著關聯，兩構面下各因素具有預測對方及相互解釋能力；(5)產業群聚形成構面與企業經營模式構面呈顯著關聯，兩構面下各因素具有預測對方及相互解釋能力。經資料分析結果發現產業群聚能提升企業整體經營效益，所以產業群聚與企業經營模式具有關聯性。

The industry cluster refers to a specialized interaction region between enterprises. Interaction often takes the form of complementary linking. Industry clusters are networked and categorized through cities, states, and countries. Different cluster types are categorized according to either cluster size or connection network hierarchy. Though industry clusters include few competitors, companies sometimes still repetition customers. Cooperation thus is needed for common needs and opportunities when companies confront limitations and difficulties during business operations. According to that China, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan had prosperous development industry cluster. This growth of industry cluster has significantly influenced local economics. Factors such as of environment, supply chain, customer service, and human resources market, have encouraged Taiwanese enterprise move to China/overseas, thus making China a world production center. Increasing enterprise movement to China is an investment in the future. Therefore, investment location alternative is the more critical issue. The purpose of this research discussed how the business operation model is associated with industry clusters. This paper utilizes “Taiwan precision machinery” as a case study and applies to the interview expert method, factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis. Then based on the Famel operations model theory (2000), to explore precision industry’s alternative cluster, cluster formatting, and business operation model relationship with exploration method. The result reveals:(1) “supports of related industries” variables is the most priority for alternative cluster; (2) “convenience of collaboration cooperation” variables is the most priority for formation cluster; (3) “convenience of material supply” variables is the most priority for business operation model; (4) industry alternative cluster domain was associated with business operation model, these factors of two domains can predicted and explained each others; (5) industry cluster formation domain was associated with business operation model, these factors of two domains can predicated and explained each others. The data analysis result was discovered industry clusters enable rise up business operation efficiency, the business operation model was associated with industry clusters.