計程車共乘與撥召計程車可行條件之研究

Abstract

由於偏遠地區路線需求偏低，業者卻仍以傳統標準型巴士，以固定路線、固定班次方式提供服務，因此造成班次偏少、無法滿足當地民眾需求之情形，而業者亦因補助金額不足時有抱怨，使此一政府之美意難以落實。對於此種運輸需求較低之地區，依文獻得之，國外多以副大眾運輸(Paratransit)來提供服務，滿足該地區民眾之運輸需求。在副大眾運輸所包含的運具中，以計程車最為國人所熟悉，由於計程車在國內營運已有相當之歷史，民眾對其營運方式皆有一定程度之認識，使用計程車作為服務偏遠地區民眾之副大眾運輸工具，其接受度應比其他運具來得高，若是能配合適當的營運方式，應能提供偏 遠地區民眾較為優質的運輸環境。

副大眾運輸最主要之特點為車輛共乘，因此當利用計程車作為副大眾運輸系統時，亦必須以共乘為主要的服務方式，從供給導向角度來看，則可提供「計程車共乘」之營運方式；若從需求導向角度來看，則可提供「撥召計程車」之營運方式來服務使用者；無論是計程車共乘或是撥召計程車其市場可行條件皆會受到營運環境差異之影響而有所改變，營運環境之差異可分為地區性差異以及政策性差異兩類，地區性差異包括有起、迄點之距離以及空車率，政策性差異則為政府補貼比例大小。本研究首先探討計程車共乘與撥召計程車之營運成本，並建立營運情境，分析兩種服務方式之市場可行營運條件。

Although the demand in remote area is low, the bus carrier who operate in remote area uses the same way as in urban area, it causes the operating can not fulfill the demand and deficit on carrier. According to the literature, paratransit can provide better transportation environment for people in remote area and avoid deficit on carrier. All of the mode in paratransit, taxi is the most conversance one in Taiwan, if we use taxi to substitute for the bus to operate in remote area, it should be more easier to accepted by the people.

The characteristic of the paratransit is car-shared, for the season, when we use taxi as the paratransit in remote area, it must be operating by sharing the taxi. The way of the taxi operating can be distinguish form the demand-oriented and supply-oriented. The demand-oriented paratransit is called dial-a-ride taxi and the supply-oriented paratransit is called taxipooling. For two of the operating way, there are different cost items and feasible demand when they operated.

The paper first discusses the cost items of the taxipooling and dial-a-ride taxi, then sets the possible operating environment, and finally analyzes the feasible conditions for taxipooling and dial-a-ride taxi.