馬賽克藝術中的錯視效果研究

Abstract

馬賽克是ㄧ種以馬賽克嵌片(tesserae)製作，兼具保護與裝飾功能的古老藝術形式。馬賽克的起源約在西元前2000多年，到了現在，許多馬賽克作品已經不再付屬於建築物，而逐漸的成為一種獨立的藝術形式。

創作者在製作馬賽克時最常遇到的問題之一是馬賽克嵌片的顏色種類太少。過去的馬賽克創作者必須花費許多的時間學習困難的嵌片混色技法，從一次又一次的嘗試中磨練對於混色結果的敏銳度。因此，本研究將色彩的視覺錯視導入輔助馬賽克設計，利用錯視效果改變馬賽克的主觀色彩，希望為上述問題提供有別於傳統的解決途徑。

經過初步的資料收集以及分析以後，選定Craik-O’brien-Cornsweet illusion以及neon color spread illusion這兩種錯視作為研究對象，並分別設計了一系列這兩種錯視在馬賽克形式下的錯視效果實驗，藉此瞭解是否能夠透過操作馬賽克型式的基本要素以達到最強烈的錯視效果。實驗結果顯示了Craik-O’brien-Cornsweet illusion的錯視效果並不會隨著改變馬賽克型式的基本要素而產生顯著的變化，而neon color spread illusion則是和馬賽克嵌片的尺寸，填縫的寬度，以及填縫的色彩有明顯的關連性。之後進一步製作實體版本的neon color spread illusion馬賽克圖形，完成品符合先前歸納出的實驗結果。

Mosaic is an ancient art form made by pebbles or ceramics which called tesserae and has been used since 2000 BC. for protection and decoration. One of the difficult problems to create mosaic works is the limited range of colors of the material. In order to create the necessary colors that do not exist, mosaic artists have to spend lots of time on learning color mixture of tessera which is not always intuitive. In this research, we want to look for other possible solutions for increasing available colors by applying two different visual illusions on the mosaic design: Craik-O’brien-Cornsweet illusion and neon color spread illusion.

To find out if we can maximize the effect of illusion by manipulating the figural factors of mosaic, we designed a series of experiments to examine how these factors affect these two illusions. The results show all factors have no significant effect on the magnitude of Craik-O’brien-Cornsweet illusion. And there are 3 factors, scale of tesserae, width and hue of grout, that have significant effect on neon color spread illusion. Increasing width of grout will enhance the neon color spread illusion but, in contrast, the wider tesserae produce weaker illusion. As for the effects of hues of grout, green grout generated the strongest illusion, followed by red, blue and yellow grout in that order. We also create an Ehrenstein figure by ceramic tesserae according to result of the experiment and the illusion effect of this physical version supports the conclusion of the experiment of neon color spread illusion.