台灣電子產業外包策略之個案研究

Abstract

台灣經濟奇蹟的背後，也是拜先進國家的外包策略所賜，使OEM、ODM的商業模式成功。然而，無論企業是否走向國際化無可避免地會碰觸到外包的議題。如何能透過成功的外包策略來達到降低成本、掌握契機、提昇生產力、並為股東謀求更高的報酬，需要注意哪些面向與準則。本研究以兩家公司(A、B)為個案，進行台灣電子廠商外包策略之研究，以找出有效率外包可行性，及如何選擇合適外包廠商，並建立管理外包廠商監督管理機制，與如何自我強化並提昇自我之競爭力。

根據本研究結果顯示，在企業外包活動裡，「非核心」及「健全完善」之產品外包可以提昇本身競爭力。外包方式評估與建立之構面中，若產品製造活動過程為低附加價值時，宜採取長期外包合約為佳；若產品製造活動過程具高附加價值時，應採取自製部份垂直整合為宜。配合初期，可小量試單並設計問題，以測試外包廠商製程能力及反應態度，再進一步決定是否為長期合作對象。外包廠商選擇與評估之構面:選擇外包廠商，以提供適當品質為最重要的評估因素，然後是服務態度、財務的健全及交貨不延遲。最後，在管理長期合約外包廠商，初期應協助外包廠商生產製造管理訓練，並建立可執行之規範制度，包括合約及書面管理，如此雙方才能有遵循規則可言，且能確定是否有達成公司或客戶產品之要求，唯有外包廠商能提供穩定的產品品質，才能符合客戶的需求進而達到雙贏局面。

Behind the Taiwan Miracle, by advanced country grant the outsourcing strategic, we get the successful business model of OEM & ODM. But we need to concern the outsourcing issue whatever business trend to international or not. How to attain to cost downgrasp the turning point, enhance the productivity and approach the maximizing shareholders’ profit and we need to attention what principle and aspect.

By two case studies, we proceed the outsourcing strategic study of the electronic industry in Taiwan. From this study, I try to find out the effective outsourcing ways, how to select appropriate subcontractors and how to manage subcontractors relation. Taiwan Electronic corporations can use outsourcing strategy upgrade and strengthen their competitive advantage. According the research, subcontract the product of the non-core and healthiness can improve the competitiveness. The better way for a non-core activity is to make a long term contract with a subcontractor. For the core activity, the better way is to produce in-house. At the beginning of selecting subcontractors, we could offer some small orders and design some problems to check production ability and reaction. Toward select and evaluate subcontractor, select the suitable supplier and provide the applicable quality are the important factors and then are service, steady financial affairs and schedule. To manage the long term subcontractors, the firm have to set up regulations and assist production for subcontractors. Base on the rules, the firms can make sure if the product meet the standard, by stable quality, firms and subcontractors can approach win-win situation.